农户兼业一定导致低效率么?——基于CLDS数据的实证分析

Does Farmer′s Concurrent Business Necessarily Lead to Low Efficiency?An Empirical Analysis based on CLDS Data

伴随中国城市化、工业化及农业农村现代化进程,农户兼业已成为农村普遍存在现象。在现存的经济条件和制度结构下,兼业农户城市化进程并不彻底,并出现基于家庭和个体层面上的务工兼务农模式,基于此本文讨论现阶段农户多样化兼业模式引起的农业效率问题。使用CLDS2016数据在基本计量回归和交互项模型基础上,更深入从箱型估计量、核估计量及置信区间等工具分析发现:农户不仅是理性“经济人”,更是充满情感和需要自我实现的“社会人”,农户的双重角色在文化情感因素影响下倾向务工兼务农。外部机械化及中间组织的逐步完善使农户有务工兼务农的可能,可以在不同程度上卷入到外部专业分工中;文化情感、机械化、中间组织分别与农户兼业存在协同效应,降低了兼业对农业生产的负向作用,即多样化的兼业形式对农业效率有促进作用;通过经济发展因素与兼业比的协同效应中发现,机械化及中间组织的发展对农业效率起着更大的促进作用。2020年中国政府实施的三农政策也在拓展农民就业增收渠道,改善农民生产生活条件,这使得个人得到更多发展,并在多样化兼业同时改进了农业效率。

With China′s urbanization,industrialization,and agricultural and rural modernization process,the phenomenon of farmer′s concurrent business has become a common phenomenon in rural areas.Under the existing economic conditions and institutional structure,the urbanization process of part-time farmers is not complete,and there is a concurrent business mode based on family and individual level.Based on this,this paper discusses agricultural efficiency problems caused by farmer′s diversified concurrent business mode at the present stage.Using CLDS 2016 data,on the basis of basic econometric regression and interactive term model,the paper finds that farmers are not only rational“economic people”,but also“social people”full of emotion and needing to realize themselves,under the influence of cultural and emotional factors,the dual roles of farmers tend to work as well as farming by analyzing the box estimator,kernel estimator and confidence interval.The external mechanization and the gradual improvement of intermediate organizations make it possible for farmers to concurrent business as well as farming,and they can be involved in the external professional division of labor to varying degrees;cultural emotion,mechanization and intermediate organization have synergistic effect with farmer′s concurrent business respectively,which reduces the negative effect of concurrent business on agricultural production,that is,diversified concurrent business forms can promote agricultural efficiency;through the synergistic effect of economic development factors and concurrent business ratio,it is found that mechanization and the development of intermediate organization play a greater role in promoting agricultural efficiency.In 2020,the policy of agriculture,rural areas and farmers implemented by the Chinese government is also expanding the channels of increasing farmers′employment and income,improving farmers′production and living conditions,which makes individuals get more development and improves agricultural efficiency while diversifying concurrent business.