利用高通量测序技术分析鱼菜共生池塘的真菌多样性和群落结构

Analyzing Fungal Community Diversity and Structure in Aquaponics Ponds by High-Throughput Sequencing Technology

本文采集了位于新疆水生野生动物救护中心和乌鲁木齐市米东区长山子镇水源地养殖基地的鱼菜共生池塘水样及水培空心菜根系,基于Illumina HiSeq 2500高通量测序平台对上述样本的宏基因组ITS基因序列进行了测定和分析。在6份样品(4份水体样品、2份根系样品)中,共检测到78348条平均长度为256 bp的有效序列,这些真菌包括了6个门、25个纲和72个目。不同地点、不同样品类型间的真菌微生物群落存在明显差异,隶属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)锤舌菌纲(Leotiomycetes)白粉菌目(Erysiphales)白粉菌科(Erysiphaceae)的菌群为根系样品所特有。乌鲁木齐市米东区长山子镇水源地养殖基地鱼菜共生池塘的空心菜根系真菌的Alpha多样性指数均最高,相应的对照池塘真菌多样性组成则最低。Beta多样性指数表明,乌鲁木齐市米东区长山子镇水源地养殖基地水样和新疆水生野生动物救护中心空心菜根系真菌组成差异最大。从蔬菜长势情况来看,乌鲁木齐市米东区长山子镇水源地养殖基地鱼菜共生池塘明显好于新疆水生野生动物救护中心,推测其原因为:前者水体中真菌种类和数量较多,特有菌类(如石黄衣、酵母菌)能够改善水质、提供动植物生长繁殖的养分。

We used Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing system to explore fungal ITS sequences of the aquaponics ponds and hydroponic vegetables roots in Xinjiang Aquatic Wildlife Rescue Center and the aquaculture base in Changshanzi Town,Midong District,Urumqi,and analyzed the species composition of fungi with bioinformatics methods.A total of 78348 effective tags with an average length of 256 bp were detected in 6 samples(4 water samples and 2 root samples),which defined 6 phyla,25 classes and 72 orders of fungi.There was an obvious distinction in microbial community among different locations and sample types.Erysiphaceae belonging to Leotiomycetes,Ascomycota,Erysiphales was unique to root samples.Alpha diversity index of roots collected from aquaculture base in Changshanzi Town,Midong District,was the highest while that of the corresponding control group was the lowest.Beta diversity index showed the greatest difference in the composition of fungi between water sample collected from aquaculture base in Changshanzi Town,Midong District,and roots sample collected from Xinjiang Aquatic Wildlife Rescue Center.The growth of hydroponic vegetables in aquaculture base in Changshanzi Town,Midong District,was obviously better than that in Xinjiang Aquatic Wildlife Rescue Center,which was probably relevant with more species and amounts of fungi in the former.Besides,the unique fungi such as Xanthoria and Saccharomyces can also improve water quality and provide nutrients thus promoting the growth of animals and plants.