高原鼠兔长鸣鸣声分析及行为学观察

Analysis and Observation of behavior in plateau pika

长鸣是雄性高原鼠兔雄性个体特有的鸣声,且与其繁殖有关。研究高原鼠兔长鸣的声学特征及其行为对于理解其繁殖策略有重要意义。2018年3~5月,采用数码录音笔连接指向性话筒与数码摄像机同时记录的方法,在甘南州玛曲县河曲马场录制了7只雄性高原鼠兔的长鸣鸣声及其行为,利用语音分析软件Wavesurfer对所录制的长鸣进行分析,结合其长鸣行为将繁殖期雄性高原鼠兔长鸣分为示警鸣声、求偶鸣声和领域鸣声,并获取了3种鸣声的音节间隔时间、音节持续时间、主频、语谱图。研究发现:(1)雄性高原鼠兔的长鸣具有30种音节型;(2)雄性高原鼠兔的长鸣具有较强的复杂性;(3)领域鸣声和求偶鸣声具有相似的声学特征。

Long call is a peculiar type of sound uttered by male plateau pika and it is related to its reproduction.It is important to understand its reproductive strategy by studying the acoustic characteristics and behavior of plateau pika.In this study,we used a digital recorder with directional microphone and video camera to record the long call and behavior of seven male plateau pikas simultaneously in Maqu County,Ganan Tibetan autonomous prefecture,during March to May in 2018;used the voice analysis software Wavesurfer to analyze the recorded long calls,and according to the behavior of the long calls,they were divided into alarm calls,mating calls,and defense calls,meanwhile the syllable interval,syllable duration,main frequency,and spectrogram of these long calls were obtained.The results showed:(1)There were 30 syllables in the long calls sounded by male plateau pika;(2)The long call of male plateau pikas had a strong complexity;(3)The mating calls and defense calls had the similar acoustic characteristics.