1665名新型冠状病毒肺炎密切接触者医学观察情况分析

Analysis on medical observation of 1665 close contacts of COVID-19 cases

目的了解某市新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病例密切接触者的确定及医学观察情况,为疫情防控策略调整提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对所有密切接触者一般情况进行分类分析。对密切接触者采集咽拭子进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测,按照新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)确定确诊病例。结果1665名密切接触者中在医学观察期发病的有10例,占全市所有确诊病例的30.30%,10例密切接触者确诊病例多为确诊病例近亲属,与确诊病例最晚接触时间最长为8 d,最短为0 d。10例密切接触者病例构成了6起家族聚集性疫情。结论在COVID-19防控工作中,某市积极追踪确诊病例传播证据链,及时确定密切接触者,将确诊病例发病前14 d接触人群纳入密切接触者管理,在控制疫情中起到了非常关键的作用,全市近1/3的病例在医学观察期发病,做到了传染源有效管控和切断传播途径,及时阻止了聚集性疫情的扩散传播。

Objective To understand the identification and medical observation of close contacts of COVID-19 cases in a city and provide scientific basis for the adjustment of the epidemic prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the general characteristics of all the close contacts of COVID-19 cases in a city.Throat swabs were collected from the close contacts for real-time fluorescent RT-PCR.The confirmed cases were diagnosed according to diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19(trial version 5).Results Among the 1665 close contacts of COVID-19 cases in a city,10 were diagnosed as COVID-19 cases during the medical observation period,accounting for 30.30%of all the confirmed cases in a city,most of them were close relatives of the confirmed cases.The longest contact time with the confirmed cases was 8 days and the shortest was 0 days.Ten COVID-19 cases in close contacts constituted to six family clusters.Conclusions In COVID-19 prevention and control in a city,the active tracking of the transmission chains of the confirmed cases and timely identification of the close contacts were conducted.The people who had close contacts with the confirmed COVID-19 cases within 14 days before onset were all placed under medical observation,which played a key role in the effective prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in a city.Nearly one third of COVID-19 cases occurred during the medical observation period,so the infection sources were effectively controlled and transmission routes were effectively blocked,which greatly facilitated the prevention of the clusters of COVID-19 cases.