经济分析如何融入法律过程:欧盟竞争法改革的得失及启示

How Economic Analysis Is Integrated into Legal Process:Lessons from the EU Competition Law Reform

经济分析是认定垄断行为违法性的主要工具。我国在反垄断法律制度建构过程中,自始十分重视经济分析方法和经济证据的使用,但是,如何将经济分析有机融入规范分析的法律过程,始终是个难题。20世纪90年代以来,欧盟竞争法经历了“基于效果的分析方法”的现代化改革,实现了核心价值目标的转换,构建了较为完备的经济分析规则体系,同时也面临经济分析的复杂性和不确定性对法律适用的挑战。结合欧盟竞争法改革的得失,保持反垄断基本法律的弹性、将经济分析与要件分析相结合并通过规则完善和规范经济分析的操作,或许是解决我国反垄断法在引入经济分析方法过程中面临的问题、实现大陆法系竞争法与经济分析方法之间有机融合的可行之道。为保持法条的包容性和稳定性,在《反垄断法》修订中不宜盲目或过度“做加法”。

Economic analysis is the main tool to determine the illegality of monopoly behaviors.In the course of constructing the anti-monopoly legal system,China has always attached great importance to the use of economic analysis methods and the economic evidence.However,how to integrate economic analysis into the legal process of normative analysis is always a difficult problem.Since 1990s,the EU competition law has undergone a modernization of the“effect-based approach”,realized the transformation of core value goals,and constructed a relatively complete economic analysis rule system.At the same time,it also faces the challenges of the complexity and uncertainty of economic analysis to the application of law.According to the gains and losses of the EU competition law reform,maintaining the flexibility of the Anti-Monopoly Law,combining economic analysis and element analysis,and perfecting and regulating the operation of economic analysis through rules,may solve the problems faced by Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law in the process of introducing economic analysis methods.Also,it is perhaps a feasible way to achieve the organic integration between the civil law system competition law and economic analysis methods.In order to maintain the inclusiveness and stability of the law,it is not advisable to blindly or excessively“add”in the revision of the Anti-Monopoly Law.