新规则下跆拳道比赛旋转踢技能的运用特征与训练对策研究

The Characteristics of the Use of Turning Kick Skills and Training Countermeasures in Taekwondo Competition Under New Rules

采用文献资料、视频分析、对比分析和数理统计等研究方法,从旋转踢技能的视角入手,以2019年全国跆拳道冠军总决赛和2019年世界跆拳道锦标赛2次国内外重大跆拳道比赛的决赛为例进行分析。结果表明,在新规则高分值的激励下,国内和国外跆拳道比赛中运用旋转踢技能的技战术呈现出不同的特征及发展趋势。1)躯干得分能力国外强于国内,男子高于女子,国内外成功率均偏低;躯干战术能力国外好于国内,女子优于男子,国内外存有差距。2)击头得分能力国内外实力相当,女子高于男子,击头次数均较低;击头战术能力国内外差距不大,女子优于男子,均有提升空间。3)新规则下当今世界跆拳道比赛中旋转踢技能运用的发展趋势:技术出现"多元化"组合发展趋向;技战术呈现"一体化"融合发展趋势。根据当今世界跆拳道比赛中旋转踢技能运用特征及发展趋势,制定出提升我国优秀跆拳道运动员旋转踢技能水平的训练对策:1)强化培养旋转踢技能的运用意识;2)提升旋转踢技能实战应用能力训练;3)重视旋转踢技能连贯性与稳定性训练;4)加强旋转踢技能"个性化"储备训练。建议针对世界跆拳道技战术发展趋势与我国运动员自身的能力特点,探索出一条适合我国跆拳道旋转踢技能发展的训练之路。

Using the methods of documentation,video analysis,comparative analysis,and mathematical statistics,the study analyzed the perspectives of turning kick skills from the finals of 2 major domestic and international taekwondo tournaments,including the 2019 National Taekwondo Championship Series Championship Finals and the2019 World Taekwondo Championships,and the results showed that,motivated by the high score of the new rules,the use of turning kick skills in domestic and international taekwondo tournaments’Tactical skills and tactics show different characteristics and development trends.1)Torso scoring ability is stronger abroad than in China,men are higher than women,the success rate is low both at home and abroad;Torso tactical ability is better abroad than in China,women are better than men,there is a gap between China and abroad.2)The scoring ability of headstrikes is comparable at home and abroad,women are stronger than men,and the number of headstrikes is lower;the difference in tactical ability of headstrikes is not big at home and abroad,women are better than men,and there is room for improvement.3)The new rules of the world taekwondo competition in the use of taekwondo skills in the development trend of turning kicks:technology appeared"diversified"combination of development trends;tactics showed"integration"trends.According to the characteristics and development trend of taekwondo competitions,the following countermeasures are needed to improve the turning kick skills of taekwondo athletes:1)Strengthen the awareness of cultivating the application of turning kick skills;2)Improve the practical application ability training of turning kick skills;3)Attach importance to the continuity and stability training of turning kick skills;4)Strengthen the"personalized"reserve training of turning kick skills.It is suggested to find out a training path suitable for the development of Chinese taekwondo turning kick skills according to the development trend of world taekwondo techniques and the characteristics of Chinese athletes’own abilities.