面向首都综合治理的北京市国土空间规划实践与思考

Practice and Reflection of Territorial and Spatial Planning in Beijing for Comprehensive Governance of the Capital

空间规划改革是规划逻辑与空间秩序的根本性、转折性变革,在自上而下的顶层设计基本成型之后,需要地方上及时反馈自下而上的实践成效。近几年,北京市“剥洋葱式”地开展了一系列规划实践,对应中央近期关于“规划编审、实施监督、法规政策、技术标准”为一体的国土空间规划架构,本文对北京市的国土空间规划体系进行了梳理和阐释,提出三个观点:①改善城乡关系、创新城镇化发展路径是建构国土空间规划体系的根本“初心”;②国土空间规划融合的焦点和难点在于发挥原土规、城规等规划的各自优势,以新的价值伦理、政策法规契合国家意志和基层社会的不同需求;③打破传统规划体系的制度“瓶颈”,需要及时反馈地方实践和规划实施的绩效,建立动态评价机制。

The current reform of spatial planning is a turning point of planning logic and spatial order.As the top-down systematic design is basically shaping,it needs timely follow-up feedback from bottom-up local practices.In recent years,Beijing has carried out a series of planning practices in the form of“peeling onions”.This paper summarizes and explains Beijing’s territorial and spatial planning system,which corresponds to the recent central government’s territorial and spatial planning framework consisting of“planning compilation,implementation supervision,regulations and policies and technical standards”.Based on that,the authors put forward the following ideas.First,improving the urban-rural relations and innovating the development path of urbanization are the“original aspiration”of developing the territorial and spatial planning system.Second,the difficulty in the territorial and spatial planning integration lies in giving full play to the respective advantages of land use planning,city planning and the others,and in conforming to the national will and grass-roots society based on new value,policies and regulations.Third,to break the institutional bottleneck of traditional planning system,it is necessary to timely report local practices and planning implementation performances,and to establish a dynamic evaluation mechanism.