可重复使用热防护材料应用与研究进展

Reusable thermal protective materials:application and research progress

可重复使用热防护系统是为高速重复使用飞行器而发展的关键性技术,涵盖了地球大气环境及非地球大气环境下的弹道式再入、高马赫数巡航等应用场景。根据现有高马赫数飞行器热防护现状,对高马赫数飞行器的主要热防护系统类型、特点和使用场景进行了简要介绍。在此基础上,结合国外里程碑式可重复使用飞行器(X-15、SR-71、航天飞机、X-33、X-37B、Spaceliner等),梳理了可重复使用热防护材料的应用与研究进展,论述了代表性可重复使用热防护材料的发展、性能、研制进度、特点及应用前景。对国外在可重复使用热防护材料研制中的设计及发展思路,以及所存在的主要问题进行了总结归纳,为可重复使用热防护材料未来的发展提供了思路。

Reusable Thermal Protection Systems(TPS)are the key technology required for a range of high speed vehicles from ballistic reentry to hypersonic cruise vehicles,within either the Earth atmosphere or non-Earth atmospheres.The main types,characteristics,and the application environment of thermal protection systems for high speed vehicles are briefly summarized based on the status quo of thermal protection strategies for high speed vehicles.The application and research progress of the reusable thermal protection materials for foreign milestone Reusable Launch Vehicles(RLVs)(e.g.X-15,SR-71,Space shuttle,X-33,X-37B,Spaceliner)are further reviewed,the development,material properties,research progress,material characteristics and application prospect of representative reusable thermal protection materials are discussed,and the design and development ideas of the reusable thermal protection materials and the existing problems are summarized.The future development of the reusable thermal protection materials is finally discussed.