WS394—2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》 实施情况评估

Assessment on implementation of WS 394-2012 Hygienic specification of central air conditioning ventilation system in public buildings

目的评估WS 394—2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》的适用性和合理性,分析规范实施阻碍因素。方法随机抽取国内中、北、西部各2个城市,对规范涉及的检测单位、监督执法单位、空调使用单位分别开展问卷调查,并评估其实施情况。结果适用性评估中主观题得分相对较高,业务题得分则相对较低。按地域进行分析发现,不同地区监督执法单位主观题、业务题得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。合理性评估中卫生检测题得分相对较低,卫生质量题得分相对较好;卫生管理题得分中监督执法单位相对较差[7(6,9)],空调使用单位则相对较高[12(10,14)];空调设计题得分相对较高;按地域进行分析发现,不同地区监督执法单位卫生管理题得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论WS 394—2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》虽对公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生管理有着积极的推动性,但其在检测和监督执法部门适用性较差,但使用单位适用性较好。规范在实施过程中,除在检测方法与标准限值设定等方面存在缺陷外,缺少有效的法律法规支持也是阻碍了其推广实施的关键因素。

Objective To evaluate the applicability and rationality of WS 394-2012 Hygienic specification of central air conditioning ventilation system in public buildings,and analyze the obstacles of the implementation.Methods Two cities were randomly selected in the middle,North and west of China respectively,the questionnaire survey was performed in testing units,supervision units and central air conditioning ventilation system units involved in the standard,to evaluate their implementation status.Results Applicability evaluation:the scores of subjective questions were relatively good,while the scores of business questions were relatively low.According to the analysis by region,it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of subjective and business questions among the supervision units in different regions(P<0.05).Rationality evaluation:the score of health testing questions was relatively low,while the score of health quality questions was relatively good.As for the scores of health management questions,the supervision units were relatively poor[7(6,9)],while the air conditioning use units units were relatively good[12(10,14)].The score of air conditioning design questions was relatively high.A further analysis on regions showed that there was statistically significant difference in the scores of health management questions among the supervision units in different regions(P<0.05).Conclusion Although WS 394-2012 Hygienic specification of central air conditioning ventilation system in public buildings has a positive impact on the health management of the central air conditioning ventilation system in public buildings,but its applicability in the testing units and supervision units is poor,while the applicability in using units is good.In the process of implementation,in addition to its own defects in monitoring methods and standard limit setting,the lack of effective laws and regulations support is also a key factor of hindering its promotion and implementation.