纳米纤维素材料在功能膜材料中的应用研究进展

Research Progress in the Application Nanocellulose Materials in Functional Film Materials

功能(薄)膜材料是具有光电、磁性、吸附、分离、刺激响应等性能的一类产品,有十分广阔的市场需求和应用前景。然而功能膜的原料多以不可再生的石油资源为原料,这一缺点限制了其发展和应用前景,因此迫切需要开发具有绿色可再生特点的替代品以满足其发展需求。纳米纤维素材料(包括通过化学方法对其进行修饰的纳米纤维素衍生物)是随着纳米技术的发展应运而生的最有潜力的绿色可再生材料之一,在提高功能膜材料性能和促进其可持续发展中扮演着重要的角色。纳米纤维素材料目前在食品工业、水处理行业、新能源领域、电池制造等产业的功能膜中应用广泛。其在这些功能膜中的作用和优势主要体现在以下几方面:首先,具有高结晶度、比表面积和机械强度的纳米纤维素材料通常被当作纳米填料与功能膜基体混合,以起到增强力学性能的作用,根据需求还可以使用不同尺寸、不同形貌或不同表面改性的纳米纤维素材料以提高其与基体的结合强度,从而帮助功能膜达到理想的力学性能。其次,纳米纤维素材料由于本身具有良好的成膜性,可作为功能膜的基体材料。除了单独成膜外,纳米纤维素材料也可以与其他材料复合成膜,尤其可以和其他生物质材料制成表面平滑、阻隔性能良好的生物膜材料,在包装膜应用领域有着极大的潜力。再者,纳米纤维素的高吸水性、溶胀性和一定的吸附性能对需要一定液体的润湿性功能膜(如超滤膜)性能的改善有很大的帮助。最后,纳米纤维素材料由于稳定的结构、表面改性的多样性以及良好的生物相容性的优点,可以作为良好的载体材料及骨架材料与具有特殊功能性(如光电、磁性、响应性等)的材料结合,制备具有应用价值的功能膜材料,使得纳米纤维素材料在导电膜、电池隔膜和其他功能膜中发挥越来越重要的作用。相较于传统功能膜材料,纳米纤维素材料的引入将会为功能膜在提高性能、降低成本、增加生物相容性和促进绿色环保方面带来新的活力和生机。基于此,本文在大量文献的基础上,总结了纳米纤维素材料在包装膜、超滤膜、导电膜、电池隔膜和其他功能膜材料中的应用研究进展,分析了纳米纤维素材料在不同功能膜中的作用机理和应用优势,对纳米纤维素材料在功能膜材料中的进一步应用进行了展望。

Functional film is a kind of product with photoelectricity,magnetism,absorption,separation and the ability to response to stimulus functional properties,which shows large demand and application prospects. However,resources of functional film are mostly non-renewable fossilbased,which limits its development. Nanocellulose material(including derivatives of nanocellulose that are chemically modified) is one of the most promising materials to study regarding the development of nanotechnology,which plays an important role in improving the performance of functional film and promoting its sustainable development.Nanocellulose material is currently widely used in functional films in the food industry,water treatment industry,new energy fields,batteries and other fields. The role and advantages of nanocellulose material in these functional films are mainly reflected in the following aspects: first,high degree of crystallization,large specific surface area and excellent mechanical properties make nanocellulose material a good candidate as a reinforcement phase to combine with matrix in forming functional films for strength enhancement. According to different demand,nanocellulose materials with different sizes,morphologies or surface modification groups can be used to improve the interfacial bonding strength with the matrix,thus making the functional film to achieve ideal mechanical properties. Secondly,due to its good film-forming properties,nanocellulose material can also be used as matrix materials for functional films. In addition to film formation alone,nanocellulose materials can also be combined with other materials to form films,especially with other biomass materials to make biofilm materials with smooth surfaces and good barrier properties,which has a great impact on the expansion of packaging film applications. Next,the high water absorption,swelling and adsorption properties of nanocellulose material are helpful to improve the performance of functional films such as ultrafiltration film. Furthermore,based on the advantages of stable structure,various possibilities of surface modification and excellent biocompatibility,nanocellulose material can be utilized as good carrier materials and supporting reinforcement materials combined with specific functional materials(such as photoelectric,magnetic,responsive,etc. properties) to prepare functional film materials with application value,making nanocellulose material plays an increasingly important role in conductive films,battery separators and other functional films. Compared with traditional functional film materials,the introduction of nanocellulose materials will bring new vigor and vitality to functional film research area in the aspects of enhancing mechanical performance,reducing cost,better biocompatibility and environmental protection.Therefore,based on a large amount of research references,in this paper we summarized the research application progress of nanocellulose material in packaging film,ultrafiltration film,conductive film,battery separator and other functional film,analyzed the working mechanism of nanocellulose material and its application advantages in different functional film. Furthermore,prospects for potential application of nanocellulose material in functional film materials were presented.