趋同与不同:经济全球化视野下的职业教育比较研究

Convergence and Difference:A Comparative Study of Vocational Education from the Perspective of Economic Globalization

在经济全球化背景下,制造业强国对于产业工人的需求标准呈现出鲜明的趋同态势。为了培养出更加优秀的产业工人,德、日、美等国的职业教育在人才培养目标方面呈现出注重实践教学、注重优势产业、注重新兴技术、注重文化培育等四个方面的特点。我国作为世界重要的制造业大国,其培养方向与上述几国一致,但文化传统、从业观念和就业形势的挑战,又让中国的职业教育面临着其他国家不曾有的困境。文章通过比较研究的方法,探寻解决我国职业教育两难处境的方法,并提出了着力加强校企合作、拓宽人才选拔机制、加强职业院校学生的创造能力和创业能力等措施,以应对经济全球化带来的挑战。

In the context of economic globalization,the demand standards for industrial workers in manufacturing powerhouses have shown a sharp trend of convergence.In order to cultivate more outstanding industrial workers,vocational education in Germany,Japan,the United States and other countries has shown the characteristics of focusing on practical teaching,on advantageous industries,on emerging technologies,and on cultural cultivation in terms of talent training goals.As an important manufacturing country in the world,the training in our country is consistent with the above-mentioned countries in directions.However,the challenges of cultural traditions,employment concepts,and employment situation brought to Chinese vocational education difficulties that other countries have never experienced.Through comparative research,Chinese vocational education should focus on strengthening school-enterprise cooperation,broadening the talent selection mechanism,and strengthening the creativity and entrepreneurial ability of vocational college students to meet the current challenges.