人口老龄化下我国养老服务财政保障政策的演进特征及展望

Evolutionary Features and Prospects of China's Financial Security Policy for Elderly Services under Population Aging

党的十九届五中全会提出"实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略"。"十四五"时期,我国60岁以上老年人口将突破3亿人,标志着我国由轻度老龄化迈进中度老龄化,养老服务面临更大的挑战。纵观我国70年来养老服务财政保障的演进路径,养老服务的财政保障责任呈现出"福利性特征明显的少量供给的财政主导—财政保障责任缺失—财政保障责任回归—政府、市场、社会、家庭多元治理"的变迁特征。"十四五"时期,为促进居家社区机构相协调、医养康养相结合的养老服务体系的全面建设,我国应重点完善基本养老服务体系所需的财政保障政策,建立支持农村养老服务的财政保障政策,构建起养老服务财政保障的中央和地方财政共担机制。争取到2035年中国特色养老服务体系成熟定型,到21世纪中叶全面建成与社会主义现代化国家相适应的养老服务制度。

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed"implementing a national strategy to actively cope with population aging".During the"14th Five-Year Plan"period,the number of senior citizens over 60 years old in China will exceed 300 million,marking China's progress from mild aging to moderate aging,and the elderly services will face greater challenges.Looking at the evolution of the financial security of senior care services in China over the past 70 years,the financial security responsibility of senior care services has been"dominated by a small amount of supply with obvious welfare characteristics-lack of financial security responsibility-return of financial security responsibility-multiple governances by government,market,society,and family".In the"14th Five-Year Plan"period,to promote the comprehensive construction of the elderly service system that is coordinated with the home and community institutions and combined with medical care and health care,China should focus on improving the financial guarantee policy required for the basic elderly service system,establishing the financial guarantee policy to support the rural elderly service,and building up the central and local financial guarantee mechanism for the financial guarantee of the elderly service mechanism.We should strive to mature and finalize the old-age service system with Chinese characteristics by 2035,and fully build an old-age service system that is compatible with a modernized socialist country by the middle of the 21st century.