“十三五”民营企业发展回顾与“十四五”高质量发展对策

Review of the Development of Private Enterprises in the"13th Five-Year Plan"and the Way to High-Quality Development in the"14th Five-Year Plan"

"十三五"时期,我国民营企业保持中高速增长态势,但部分经济指标表现欠佳;民营企业固定资产投资积极性下降,创新驱动发展受到重视;民营企业已成为第一大外贸主体,对外投资增长较快,占据半壁江山;一大批民营企业勇于承担社会责任,积极参与"三大攻坚战""一带一路"建设等重大任务。当前民营企业发展存在的主要问题是:部分民营企业生存困难,营商环境欠佳,融资难、融资贵,以及民营企业自身素质和能力不足。"十四五"时期,民营企业面临的国内外环境更加复杂,机遇和挑战并存,国内经济体制改革向纵深推进、新一轮科技革命和产业变革以及"一带一路"高质量发展提供了新的发展机遇,但全球新冠肺炎疫情的不确定性、部分发达国家"逆全球化"行为是民营企业发展面临的重大挑战。"十四五"时期,我国应从进一步优化营商环境,完善基础性制度和服务体系,改善金融服务供给,提升企业创新发展能力,推动实施企业国际化,提高企业自身素质等方面促进民营企业高质量发展。

During the"13th Five-Year Plan"period,China's private enterprises have maintained a medium-high rate of growth,but some economic indicators have underperformed;the enthusiasm for fixed investment by enterprises has declined,and innovation-driven development has been emphasized;the import and export trade of private enterprises has become the largest foreign trade body,and its foreign investment has grown relatively fast,accounting for half of the country's foreign trade;a large number of private enterprises have dared to assume their social responsibilities and have actively participated in such major tasks as the"Three Critical Battles"and the construction of the"Belt and Road".At present,the main problems existing in the development of private enterprises are:some enterprises are difficult to survive,the business environment is not so good,financing is difficult and expensive,and the quality and ability of enterprises are insufficient.During the period of the"14th Five-Year Plan",private enterprises are facing a more complex domestic and international environment,with both opportunities and challenges;the deepening of domestic economic system reform,the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,and the high-quality development of the"Belt and Road"provides new development opportunities.However,the uncertainty of the global COVID-19 outbreak and the"anti-globalization"initiatives of some developed countries are major challenges to the development of private enterprises.During the"14th Five-Year Plan"period,China should promote the high-quality development of private enterprises in several ways,like further optimizing the business environment,improving the public service system,improving the supply of financial services,enhancing innovation development ability,promoting the internationalization of enterprises,and strengthening the quality of private enterprises themselves.