民国《大中小学国术教材标准》解析及启示

Explanation and Analysis of Standards of Teaching Materials for Martial Arts from Primary School to University and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

以武术为主的民族传统体育学科日渐成熟,而作为奠基性的身处于"寒冷期"武术史学研究至今没有变暖,致使武术学科研究和学科建设略显偏颇。运用历史考据学、文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对民国《大中小学国术教材标准》的教学目标和教学内容进行层次性解析,期许能为武术史学研究和武术教育鼎新予滋养有所启发。经研究发现,近代武术教育立足于武术本体的本真性、系统性和层次性的传承性教育带有很强的国民性,且融入了西方体育学、生理学和教育学原理。对当代武术教育的启示:当下武术教育应通过国家行为研制《大中小学武术教材标准》,遵循规定性与自主性相结合;教学内容的系统化与全息化相结合;教学目标与国家利益相结合;技术教育与精神教育相结合;教学方式单练和对练相结合等方式来实施和完善。

The traditional Chinese sports,mainly Wushu,is becoming more and more mature.However,as a foundational subject,the study of Wushu history still in the cold period and has not warmed up so far,which leads to a slight bias in the research and discipline construction of Wushu.By using the methods of historical textual research,documentation and logical analysis,this paper makes a hierarchical analysis of Standards of Teaching Materials for Martial Arts from Primary School to University published during the Republic of China,hoping to nourish and inspire the research of Wushu history and Wushu education.It is found that the inheritance education based on the authenticity,systematicness and hierarchy of Wushu noumenon has a strong national character and is integrated with the principles of Western sports,physiology and pedagogy.In view of this,the current Wushu education should develop Standards of Teaching Materials for Martial Arts from Primary School to University through the national behavior and follow the combination of stipulation and autonomy;the combination of systematization of editing teaching contents and Wushu holographic;the combination of Wushu teaching objectives and national interests;the combination of technical education and moral education.The teaching content is implemented and perfected by combining single practice and opposite practice.