需求层次理论视角下非遗传承人群保护体系构建

Construction of Protection System for Inheritor Group of IntangibleCultural Heritage from the Perspective of Hierarchy of Needs

传承人群是非遗保护与传承工作中的推动者与创新者,是非遗最重要的活态元素。在非遗传承的过程中,传承人群存在人才断层、信息素养能力欠佳、话语权有待增强、承受名誉压力等问题,借鉴需求层次理论,可以从传承人群的生理、安全、社交、尊重和自我实现五个层面化解非遗传承困境,包括保障传承人群基本生活需求、增强可持续发展能力、助力融入现代社会、提高话语权以及完善评级评优制度等措施。

As promoters and innovators in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage,the inheritors are the most important living elements.However,in the process of the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage,the inheritors have some problems,such as lack of talents,poor information literacy ability,the need to enhance the discourse power,and the pressure of reputation and so on.On the basis of hierarchy of needs theory,the plight of the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage can be addressed from five aspects of the inheritor group’s physiology,safety,social interaction,respect and self-realization,including ensuring the basic living needs of the inheritors,enhancing their ability of sustainable development,helping them integrate into modern society,improving their discourse power and improving the rating and evaluation system.