怀特海过程哲学视域下的教育节奏与目的论

On the Educational Rhythm and Aims from the Perspective of Whitehead's Process Philosophy

过程即实在,实在必定千姿百态。教育虽有基本的阶段划分,但个体自然节奏迥异。遵循共性规律并尊重个性差异的教育节奏,感受过程,是本真教育目的达成的基本前提,而真正的教育目的指导下的教育节奏也必然尊重规律、尊重个体差异。借助怀特海《教育的目的》中提出的“教育的节奏”这一教育原则及其分化出来的三个阶段,与教育的目的对应起来,通过浪漫阶段的随性自由与教育的无目的性、精确阶段的定向引导与教育让人成为最好的自己和综合运用阶段的自觉自为与人的自我实现三个层次的阐释,可以厘清遵循教育节奏就可实现人自我发展的教育目的这一教育之道,更有益于提升人们对教育目的的深入认识和教育理念建构,从而推动现世教育趋向于人的精神建构之发展。

The process is reality,and reality is bound to be varied.Therefore,in spite of the basic stages of education,the natural rhythms of individuals are very different.The basic prerequisite for the true educational purpose is to follow the common law and respect the educational rhythm of individual differences,feel the process,and wait for the flowers to bloom.The educational rhythm under the guidance of the true educational purpose must also respect the law and individual differences.According to the educational principle of“the rhythm of education”proposed in Whitehead's“The Aims of Education”and the three phases of its differentiation,we can find the correspondence between the three stages and the educational aims,i.e.the freedom to live in the initial stage of romance corresponding to the education without purpose,the stage of precision orientation corresponding to education helping people to be the best of themselves,and the conscious in the stage of generalization corresponding to self-fulfillment,and we can make it clear that following the rhythm of education is the way to achieve the goal of education.It is also conducive for us to deepen our understanding of the educational aims and educational concept construction,so as to promote the development of education towards the orientation of human spirit construction.