同时测量脉冲电场和磁场的微型探头

Miniature Probe for Simultaneously Measuring Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields

电磁瞬态脉冲测量的不确定因素较多,为了解决脉冲电磁场测量重复性差的问题,研制了一种能同时测量电场和磁场的微型传感器。选择双缝隙的环形天线作为传感单元,首先在CST平台上对环形天线进行建模,对其负载特性和尺寸效应进行了仿真研究,确定了最佳外形设计参数。然后设计了匹配电路和放大电路,对其系统带宽和测量灵敏度进行了验证。基于印刷电路形式的环形天线,实际制作了测量探头,并用标准场法对电场和磁场分别进行了标定,最后对碳纤维复合材料在模拟雷击时的电磁环境进行了测量。测试结果表明,探头的带宽超过100 MHz,线性度误差小于1%,电场测量的动态范围为0.1~50 kV/m,磁场测量的动态范围为0.1~170 kA/m,并且体积较小。该微型探头可以满足雷电等脉冲的电磁环境测量。

There are many uncertain factors in the measurement of electromagnetic pulse. In order to solve poor repeatability of measurement, a miniature sensor that is capable of simultaneously measuring electric and magnetic fields is developed. Firstly, a double-slot loop antenna was selected as the sensing unit. The loop antenna was modeled on the CST simulation platform, and its load characteristics and size effects were simulated to determine the optimal shape design parameters. Then the matching circuit and the amplifying circuit were designed to verify the bandwidth of system and the measurement sensitivity. Based on the PCB loop antenna, the measuring probe was actually developed, and the electric field and the magnetic field were respectively calibrated by the standard field method, then the electromagnetic environment of the CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) material during the lightning strike was measured. Test results show that the probe has a bandwidth of more than 100 MHz, and a linearity error of less than 1%. The dynamic range of electric field measurement is 0.1~50 kV/m, and the dynamic range of magnetic field measurement is 0.1~170 kA/m. The miniature probe can meet the requirements of electromagnetic environment measurement of pulses such as lightning.