去除表面松散污染的泡沫凝胶的去污性能研究

Study on decontamination performance of foam gel for removing loose surface pollution

对放射性构件的安全处理成为实现核能可持续发展的关键问题之一,一般对松散型污染物的去除所采用的技术对于设备装置缝隙死角的去污效果较差,在核应急事件中,难以满足快速对表面污染物进行固定、屏蔽和去污的要求。为了解决这些问题,亟需开发一种新型的去污技术。采用自制的基料、加入一定量的发泡剂和交联剂制备了泡沫凝胶,对其进行了去污性能评价。该泡沫凝胶对模拟的不锈钢污染样片,有空隙、孔隙污染样片和地面都有良好的去污能力,可根据不同的操作要求选择不同的去污工艺。该泡沫凝胶可干燥成膜,实现了二次废物的最小化,使其有望成为去除核设施表面松散污染的新型材料。

The safety treatment of radioactive components has become one of the key issues to achieve the sustainable development of nuclear energy.Generally,the technology used for the removal of loose pollutants has poor decontamination effect on equipment gaps and dead corners.In the nuclear emergency,it is difficult to meet the requirements of fast fixing,shielding and decontamination of surface pollutants.In order to solve these problems,it is necessary to develop a new decontamination technology.Foam gel was prepared by self-made base material,adding a certain amount of foaming agent and crosslinking agent,and its decontamination performance was evaluated.The foam gel had good decontamination capability for simulated stainless steel contaminated samples,contamination samples with voids or pores and the ground.Different cleaning processes can be selected according to different operation requirements.The foam gel can be dried to form a membrane,achieving two wastes minimization,making it possible to become a new material for removing loose surface pollution on nuclear facilities.