新疆岳普湖金银花种植的气候条件分析

Climatic Condition Analysis of Flos Lonicerae Planting in Yuepuhu of Xinjiang

利用新疆塔里木盆地西部岳普湖县1981—2019年气象观测资料,结合金银花生长发育情况,分析气候条件与金银花生长的利弊关系,根据金银花的生态学特性,对岳普湖县金银花栽培的气象条件进行了系统的分析,结果表明:金银花各物候期的平均气温呈明显的升高趋势、日照时数有明显的增多趋势、水源充足,有利于金银花正常生长发育。随着气温升高、日照时数增多,种植时间从以前的3月中旬提早至3月上旬,种植面积逐年扩大,从2016年的几十公顷扩大到2019年的345hm2,种植模式从平作方式调整到套种模式,品种统一用北花一号品种。金银花生长发育过程中≥38℃的连续高温日数,尤其是≥40℃的高温天气、短时强降水天气、风沙天气等气象条件对金银花品质和产量产生了有害影响。探讨金银花种植产业的有利气候条件,可为新疆金银花产业基地建设提供科学依据,为花农增收致富提供气象保障。

Using the meteorological observation data of Yuepuhu in Xinjiang from 1981 to 2019,combined with the growth and development of Flos Lonicerae,the relationship between the climatic conditions and the growth of Flos Lonicerae in Yuepuhu are analyzed.According to the ecological characteristics of Flos Lonicerae,the meteorological conditions of Flos Lonicerae cultivation in Yuepuhu are systematically analyzed,and the results show that the average temperature of each phenological stage of Flos Lonicerae in Yuepuhu show an obvious increasing trend;the number of sunshine hours has an obvious increasing trend;and the water source is sufficient.These are conducive to the normal growth and development of Flos Lonicerae.As the temperature rises and the number of sunshine hours increases,the planting time has been advanced from the previous mid-March to early March;the planting area has expanded year by year,from tens of hectares in 2016 to 345 hm2 in 2019;and the planting mode has been adjusted from the plain cropping to inter-cropping method.In the inter-planting mode,the varieties are unified with Beihua No.1.The number of consecutive high temperature days of≥38 ℃ during the growth and development of Flos Lonicerae,especially in ≥40 ℃ high temperature weather,the short-term heavy precipitation weather,windy and sandy weather and other meteorological conditions have certain influence on the quality and yield of Flos Lonicerae.Exploration of the favorable climatic conditions for the development of the Flos Lonicerae planting industry in Yuepuhu provides a scientific basis for the construction of the Yuepuhu Flos Lonicerae industrial base,as well as the meteorological guarantee for the increase of income of flower farmers.