宋初武将政治地位再认识——崇文抑武之另一面

A Reexamination of the Political Power Held by Military Generals in the Song Dynasty

宋初武将政治地位的转变主要体现在军事和政务两方面,军事上施行抑制武将的措施后,文臣地位并未显著提高,文臣作用也未立即凸显;政务上武将在太祖朝仍具有主要的话语权。宋朝武将地位下降是一个逐渐演化的过程,其地位的变化实际上是伴随着政局变动而发生的,原因是由宋初政治环境的改变,武将群体素质、皇帝治国策略的不同及性格喜好的差异等方面造成的。宋代“崇文”“抑武”的治国理念并非同时产生、齐头并进,而是不断地在治国理政实践中逐步形成。

The changing status of military generals in the beginning of the Song dynasty could be observed both inmilitary and political circles. While there were measures taken to limit the power of military generals, theposition of the corresponding cultural officers in the imperial court did not necessarily rise to fill in the void, andthe generals were still the closest counselors of the emperor. The declining power and authority of the generalsin the early Song was the result of a changing political structure. It was also the result of an overall lack ofexcellence in the character and skill of the generals. This phenomenon of “emphasizing culture over militarymight” was a process that had evolved over a long period of historical and political change in the Song dynasty.