微生物组学及其在厌氧消化中的研究进展

Microbiome and Its Research Progress of Anaerobic Digestion

我国每年产生大量的有机废弃物,如果处置不当将会对生态、气候以及人类健康造成重大影响。厌氧消化是一种可靠的、绿色的、可持续的有机废弃物处理方式,但由于缺乏准确有效的监测手段,厌氧消化微观过程常常被视为“黑盒”。随着微生物组学的发展,学者们在菌群与运行参数关联性分析、代谢途径分析等方面有了更深入的认识。本文从“三阶段、四菌群”的厌氧消化过程出发,介绍了常用微生物组学的类型,包括:16S rRNA基因组、宏基因组、宏转录组和宏蛋白组;详细阐述了物种组成分析、α多样性分析、OTU相似性分析以及多元统计学分析等6种常用的微生物群落生物信息学分析方法;系统回顾了厌氧消化过程的微生物学研究进展,以期能为分析厌氧消化的微生物群落结构和功能、开发新的厌氧消化工艺和技术提供支持。

A massive amount of organic waste is produced every year in China.The improper disposal of organic waste causes significantly negative impacts on ecology,climate,and human health.Anaerobic digestion has been recognized as a reliable,green and sustainable approach for the treatment of organic waste.However,due to the lack of precise and effective monitoring methods,the microscopic process of an anaerobic digestion is often regarded as a“black box”.With the development of microbiome,researchers have acquired a deeper understanding of the correlation analysis between microbial community and operating parameters,metabolic pathway analysis and other aspects.According to“three stages and four communities”in an anaerobic digestion,typical microbiome are introduced,including 16S rRNA genome,metagenome,metatranscriptome and metaproteome.In addition,the six commonly bioinformatics analysis methods for microbial community are described in detail,such as species composition analysis,αdiversity analysis,OTU similarity analysis,and multivariate statistical analysis.Finally,the research progress of microbiology in anaerobic digestion process is systematically reviewed,aiming to provide support for the study of the structure and function of anaerobic digestion,and the development of new anaerobic digestion processes and technologies.