本事与言说的纠缠——再论复调的“五四”

The Entanglement of the Event and its Narration:Restudying the Polyphony of the“May 4th Movement”

五四运动是一个从发生当时就开始被传颂、记忆和诠释的特殊事件。这个运动并非谋定而后动,而是在发展中逐步成型。在其逐渐定型的过程中,本事与言说的纠缠,是一个与生俱来又从不离弃的现象。不论广义狭义,五四运动都不是一个可成一统的自足体系。它当然有不约而同、众皆呼应的主题,然也确实头绪纷纭。史事本身的多姿多彩,导致了关于“五四”认知的多样化。它就是一个复调的运动,其内部不同的声音既各自独立,又共同参与并形塑出一个更大的和声。变化的史事,需要发展的理解;丰富的史事,需要多元的理解:既要表现出时代的“公言”,也当再现各种独特的“私言”,以复调的方式表述复调的史事。

The May 4th Movement is a special event that has been celebrated,,remembered,and interpreted.The movement took place without any plan,and it was gradually formed based on its development.During this process that it gradually took shape,the event itself and its narration became entangled..In either a broad or a narrow sense,the May 4th Movement was not a self-contained system.It had both spontaneous and planned features,but regardless it was highly complicated.This colorful history led to a diversification of understandings about this event.It was a polyphonic movement,in which the different sounds were independent but integrated to establish greater harmony.The changing historical events require the development of understanding,and the rich historical events need multiple understandings,which should show both the“common view”and also all the special“private views,”thus expressing the polyphony of the movement.