野生动物司法鉴定中存在的问题及建议

Analysis of Problems and Suggestions in Wildlife Forensic Science

野生动物是继毒品、军火后的第三大类暴利走私对象,涉案动物的种类是案件定性和量刑的依据,在此过程中野生动物的司法鉴定发挥着重要的作用。首先,从野生动物种类的多样性、野生动物检材的多样性、研究数据的稀缺性、标准比对数据库的不完整性、检材自身问题对鉴定的影响等方面分析学术上鉴定困难的原因。其次,从鉴定范围、鉴定机构、鉴定标准三个方面分析当前野生动物物证鉴定存在的主要问题。最后,提出构建完善的司法鉴定体系、完善鉴定人的入行标准、完善并统一鉴定标准、合理调整价值认定标准、学习国外关于鉴定的先进经验、强化样本库的建设、强化数据的收集和网络共享等建议。建立完善的司法鉴定体系对构建和谐社会、打击野生动物资源犯罪具有重要的意义。

Wildlife is the third largest category of profitable smuggling after drugs and arms.The species of wildlife involved is the basis for the qualitative determination and sentencing of cases.In this process,the identification of wildlife plays an important role.Firstly,the reasons are analyzed for the difficulty in academic identification from the aspects of the diversity of wildlife species,the diversity of wildlife materials,the scarcity of research data,the incompleteness of the standard comparison database,and the influence of the problems of the materials themselves on the identification.Secondly,the main problems of the current wildlife material evidence identification are analyzed from the identification range,the authentication institutions and imperfect evaluation standard.Finally,the proposal is put forward to build a perfect judicial authentication system,perfect the expert witness in the line of the standard,perfect and unified standard,the reasonable adjustment value standards,learn foreign advanced experience of appraisal,update,and research and development and to strengthen the sample library construction equipment,improved data collection and network sharing.Establishing a complete forensic science system is of great significance to building a harmonious society and combating wildlife resource crimes.