2011-2019年北京市0~6岁儿童健康状况变化趋势

Health state trends of the children ranging in age from 0 to 6 in Beijing,2011-2019

目的分析2011-2019年北京市0~6岁儿童营养不良、肥胖、贫血、龋齿和视力低常的患病情况及变化趋势,掌握0~6岁儿童健康管理中存在的主要问题,以采取相应的措施改善儿童的健康状况。方法对2011-2019年北京市0~6岁儿童健康状况进行分析,采用SPSS卡方趋势检验分析儿童健康状况随时间变化的趋势。结果低体重、生长迟缓和消瘦的检出率呈随时间上升的趋势(χ低体重^2=178.34,P趋势<0.001;χ生长迟缓^2=629.49,P趋势<0.001;χ消瘦^2=1 402.78,P趋势<0.001),由2011年的0.15%、0.17%和0.18%分别增长到2019年的0.18%、0.26%和0.32%。肥胖检出率呈随时间上升的趋势(χ^2=1 759.50,P趋势<0.001),由2011年的3.13%增长到2019年的3.49%。贫血检出率整体呈随时间下降的趋势(χ2=1 871.17,P趋势<0.001),由2011年的3.37%下降到2019年的2.60%。3~6岁儿童龋齿检出率和4~6岁儿童视力低常检出率均呈随时间上升的趋势(χ龋齿^2=7 182.23,P趋势<0.001;χ视力低常^2=631.15,P趋势<0.001),由2011年的37.33%和5.95%增长到2019年的41.33%和7.06%。结论肥胖、龋齿和视力低常是现阶段北京市儿童保健工作的重点,营养不良和贫血的防控也不容忽视。

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and change tendency of malnutrition,obesity,anemia,dental caries and poor vision among children ranging in age from 0 to 6 in Beijing from 2011 to 2019,which could offer insights into the key problems in health management among these children and help taking corresponding actions to improve their health.Methods Basing on the reported health information of children ranging in age from 0 to 6 in Beijing from 2011 to 2019,the change tendency of their health situation was described and the Chi-square trend test was used to verify such trends.Results Gradually,the detection rate of low weight,stunting,wasting and obesity increased(χ2=178.34,P<0.001;χ2=629.49,P<0.001;χ2=1402.78,P<0.001;χ2=1759.50,P<0.001)from 0.15%,0.16%,0.18%and 3.13%in 2011 to 0.18%,0.26%,0.32%and 3.49%in 2019 respectively.The detection rate of anemia,however,declined from 3.37%in 2011 to 2.60%in 2019(χ2=1871.17,P<0.001).In additional,the detection rate of dental caries in children(3-6 years old)and poor vision in children(4-6 years old)went up(χ2=7182.23,P<0.001;χ2=631.15,P<0.001)from 37.33%and 5.95%in 2011 to 41.33%and 7.06%in 2019,respectively.Conclusions At present time,the obesity,dental caries and poor vision were the key points for children’s health care in Beijing,and the prevention and control of malnutrition and anemia should also be concerned.