基于MRI的HIV相关神经认知功能障碍综合征研究现状与进展

Research status and progress of HIV-related neurological cognitive dysfunction syndrome based on MRI

人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV),即艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)病毒,是造成人类免疫系统缺陷的一种病毒。联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(combination antiretroviral therapy,cART)已将HIV从快速致命的疾病转变为更易处理的慢性疾病。因此,接受cART的HIV感染者(HIV+)个体的寿命几乎与HIV未感染(HIV-)个体一样长。感染之后HIV进入到大脑并且一段时间之后可以导致HIV相关的神经认知疾病(HIV associated neurocognitive disorders,HAND)。磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)技术[包括磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)、结构MRI、扩散张量成像(diffusion imaging,DTI)和功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)]和正电子发射断层扫描(positron emission tomography,PET)已被用于HIV+个体。作者将详细介绍各种磁共振成像技术以及脑网络在HAND方面的应用和研究进展。

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)virus,is a virus that causes defects in the human immune system.Combination antiretroviral therapy(cART)has transformed HIV from a rapidly fatal disease to a more manageable chronic disease.Therefore,the life expectancy of HIV-infected(HIV)individuals receiving cART is almost as long as that of HIV-uninfected(HIV-)individuals.After infection,HIV enters the brain and can cause HIV-related neurocognitive disease(HAND)after a period of time.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)techniques[including magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS),structural MRI(sMRI),diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)]and positron emission tomography(PET)have been used in HIV individuals.This article will introduce in detail the application and research progress of various magnetic resonance imaging technologies and brain networks in HAND.