集体化时期的国家渗透与农民回应——以“结构中的行为主义”为分析框架

State Penetration and Peasants’Response during the Collectivization——A“Behaviorism in Structure”Analytical Framework

国家与农民社会的关系是中国现代国家建构所要面对的核心问题。结构中的行为主义分析框架,将集体化时期以地方干部为代表的国家行为和农民之间的关系置于“渗透—回应”的既定结构之中进行分析。处于既定结构中的地方干部和农民,通过发挥其行为的能动性,在不改变渗透—回应的既定结构的前提下,通过变刚性的政策执行为弹性的政策适应性,为国家渗透的有限性和有效性提供支撑。现代国家建构对乡村社会的渗透,既是国家意志进入乡村社会,建构国家现代性的过程,也是运用乡土社会的逻辑,发挥其体制和意志能动性,以更有效的方式实现建构的过程。结构中的行为主义视角,既弥合了以往研究中的分歧,也为认识国家和农民关系提供了依据。

The relationship between the state and the peasant society is the core issue in modern state-building of China.This paper proposes a behaviorism in structure analytical framework and sets the state-peasant relationship in collectivization era represented by local cadres in the established structure of“penetration-response”.Without changing the established structure of“penetration-response”,local cadres and peasants in the established structure support the limitation and effectiveness of the state penetration by exerting their initiative and changing rigid policy implementation to flexible policy adaptability.The penetration of modern state-building into the rural society is not only the process of the state’s entering the rural society and constructing national modernity,but also the process of applying the logic of the rural society to exert its institutional and will dynamics,which is a more effective way to achieve the construction.The behaviorism in structure perspective not only bridges the divergences in previous studies,but also provides a basis for understanding the relationship between the state and peasants.