国家化、地方性与乡村治理结构内生性演化

State-Building,Localization and Evolution of Village Governance

如何理解中国乡村治理结构的变迁,以往的研究将现代国家进程中国家与社会二元作为分析乡村治理的出发点,无形之中将乡村治理割裂为国家与社会的两种力量的对立、冲突,更将乡村治理置于历史断裂之中,忽视了历史延续性之下中国乡村治理的内生性演化。当下重新审视乡村治理需要立足于历史的长时段,将乡村治理纳入到国家治理的语境中,以“国家化”与“地方性”为分析框架,从传统国家到现代国家的变迁中,梯次分析特定地域社会中“中心与边陲”、“中央与地方”、“国家与基层社会”三个层次的关系是如何塑造不同时空条件下的“村寨自治”、“村街自治”、“社会自治”与“村民自治”,由此建立起基于历史延续性之下的中国乡村治理结构变迁,将当前的乡村治理结构视为历史传承基础上长期发展、渐进改进、内生性演化的结果。

As for the interpretation of the changes of village governance structure in China,the analysis of village governance in previous studies is mostly based on the duality in the process of state-buildingthe state and society.As a result,village governance is distorted as the antagonism and conflict between the two forces of the state and society.The rethinking of village governance should focus on the long history and bring village governance into the context of state governance.Taking“state-building”and“localization”as the analysis framework,this paper proposes to conduct a hierarchical analysis of the relationship among the three levels,namely“center and border”,“central goverment and local government”and“state and grass-roots society”.As such,the transformation of China’s village governance structure based on historical continuity shall be established,and the current village governance structure shall be taken as the result of long-term development,gradual improvement and evolution on the grounds of historical inheritance.