葡萄种质资源果粒整齐度调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Grape Germplasm Berry Uniformity

葡萄果粒不整齐直接影响果实的商品性。葡萄种质资源丰富,不同品种和类型果粒整齐度存在差异。葡萄果粒不均匀主要是花芽分化不良和营养生长与生殖生长不平衡造成的。为了更好地了解葡萄种质资源果粒整齐度情况,该研究对1067份葡萄种质的果粒整齐度进行了田间调查。调查发现,鲜食葡萄果粒整齐度好的品种所占比例高于酿酒葡萄。鲜食葡萄中欧亚种与欧美杂种果粒整齐度在各个等级占比差距不大,欧亚种果粒整齐度略优于欧美杂种,欧美杂种中巨峰系品种果粒不整齐现象较为严重;酿酒葡萄中欧亚种与欧美杂种相比,两者果粒整齐度强的品种所占比例相当,欧美杂种果粒不整齐品种的比例大于欧亚种。通过本次调查筛选出果粒整齐度高的品种232个,包括鲜食品种221个,酿酒品种6个。通过对果粒整齐度的调查分析,进一步加强了对葡萄种质资源的了解,为葡萄生产栽培措施的改善及育种亲本选择提供一定参考。

The non-uniform of berry directly affects the commodity of grape.Grape Germplasm resources are rich,and the berry uniformity of different varieties and species are different.The non-uniform berry is mainly caused by the poor differentiation of flower bud and the imbalance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth.In order to better understand the berry uniformity of grape germplasm resources,1067 grape varieties were investigated in the field.The results showed that the proportion of table grape varieties with good uniformity was higher than that of wine grape.In table grape,there was no significant difference in the percentage of berry uniformity between V.vinifera and V.vinifera×V.labrusca,and the uniformity of berry of V.vinifera was slightly better than that of V.vinifera×V.labrusca,and the phenomenon of non-uniform berry of Kyoho family was more serious in V.vinifera×V.labrusca;the proportion of varieties with strong berry uniformity in wine grape was the same as that of V.vinifera×V.labrusca,and the proportion of non-uniform berry of V.vinifera×V.labrusca was the same larger than V.vinifera.Through this investigation,232 varieties with high uniformity of berry were selected,including 221 table grape varieties and 6 wine making varieties.Through the investigation and analysis of the uniformity of berry,the understanding of grape germplasm resources was further strengthened,which provided certain reference for the improvement of grape production and cultivation measures and the selection of breeding parents.