谈谈汉语词汇核心义的类型

On the Types of Core Meaning of Chinese Words

核心义源于造字之义,是造字义特征的抽象化。核心义贯穿和统摄多义词的大多数义项,因而核心义研究和词义演变研究紧密关联。根据造字义的抽象特征,可以从名物的特征义、动作的特征义和状态的特征义三个方面来提取核心义。通过对三类不同类型核心义词的具体分析可以发现,核心义都是作为词的抽象特征,存在于一个词内的多个角度;完全不同的词可以抽象出类似的特征义,而同义词或近义词可以抽象出不同的特征义;核心义可以有层级。

A word's core meaning originates from its meaning when the word was formed,and is abstracted from the features of the meaning that results from the word-formation.The study of core meaning is closely related to the word meaning evolution,for the core meaning threads and dominates most senses of polysemous words.Based on the abstract features resulting from the word-formation,the core meaning can be extracted from name features,action features and state features.By analyzing specific examples selected from the three categories of words,the paper obtains the following findings:the core meaning connotes the word's abstract features and exists in diverse aspects of the word;similar features can be extracted from completely different words whereas different features can be extracted from synonyms;core meaning has its hierarchy.