结核病患者在抗结核药物治疗中导致药物不良反应发生的原因分析

Analysis of causes of adverse drug reactions in occur tuberculosis patients during anti-tuberculosis drug treatment

目的探讨结核病患者在抗结核药物治疗中导致药物不良反应发生的原因。方法选取2019年1~12月我院发生抗结核药物不良反应的患者538例作为研究对象,对不良反应的发生原因进行分析。分析药品不良反应类型、患者基本情况、给药途径、药物不良反应结果、多因素导致药物不良反应发生的独立危险因素。结果538例患者中,发生新的、严重的不良反应有7例(1.30%)、新的、一般的不良反应有42例(7.80%)、严重的不良反应有128例(23.80%),一般不良反应有361例(67.10%);538例患者中,男242例,女296例,年龄最小0岁,最大88岁,40~65岁不良反应的发生率最高,为48.10%;538例患者中,静脉滴注、口服、皮下注射途径最多,分别为72.02%、12.35%、9.05%;538例患者中,结果好转298例(55.39%)、治愈227例(42.19%)、未好转5例(0.93%)、不详8例(1.49%),没有发生死亡病例;年龄较大、存在肝脏疾病、糖尿病、长期饮酒是导致药物不良反应发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论临床要充分认识抗结核药物不良反应的常见类型、患者基本情况,根据每例患者的基本情况制订有效地抗结核方案,对患者进行密切的观察,以便减少、防止抗结核药物致药物不良反应的发生。

Objective To explore the causes of adverse drug reactions occur in anti-tuberculosis drug treatment in patients with tuberculosis.Methods A total of 538 patients with adverse reactions of anti-tuberculosis drugs in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects,and the causes of adverse reactions were analyzed.The types of adverse drug reactions,the basic conditions of patients,the route of administration,the results of adverse drug reactions,and the independent risk factors that lead to adverse drug reactions were analyzed.Results Among the 538 patients,7 cases(1.30%)had new and serious adverse reactions,42 cases(7.80%)had new and general adverse reactions,128 cases(23.80%)had serious adverse reactions,and 361 cases(67.10%)had general adverse reactions.Among the 538 patients,242 were males and 296 were females.The youngest was 0 years old and the oldest was 88 years old.The probability of adverse reactions was highest at 40-65 years old,which was 48.10%.Intravenous drip,oral and subcutaneous injection routes were the most,which were 72.02%,12.35%,and 9.05%respectively.Among 538 patients,298 patients(55.39%)had improved results and 227 cases(42.19%)cured,5 cases(0.93%)did not improve,and 8 cases(1.49%)had unknown results.There were no deaths.Older age,liver disease,diabetes,and long-term drinking were independent risk factors for adverse drug reactions(P<0.05).Conclusion Clinically,it is necessary to fully understand the common types of adverse reactions of anti-tuberculosis drugs and the basic conditions of patients.An effective anti-tuberculosis plan should be developed based on the basic situation of each patient,and the patients should be closely observed,to reduce and prevent adverse drug reactions caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs.