中日灾害意识比较研究——基于神话的考察

A Comparison between Chinese and Japanese Perceptions of Disasters:A Study Based on Mythology

中国与日本的神话蕴藏着丰富的灾害叙述,情节既有相似性也有独特性。两国都存在灾害是上天对人类背信失德的惩罚意识,在此基础上形成通过祭祀镶灾来恢复神人交流和社会秩序的思想。不同的是大禹治水等神话表明,中国灾害意识中体现称颂和宣扬主动征服自然的“征服论”,日本对灾害神建速须佐之男命的信仰则与被动接受灾害的“命运论”有关。不同的灾害意识,反映出不同的民族心理和灾害文化。中日灾害意识比较研究,有助于加深对当代两国民众灾害认知谱系的理解,为建立灾害共同体提供思想资源。基于中日两国灾害意识的共性与特性,双方开展面向未来的防灾合作,对构建一个可持续发展的人类命运共同体具有积极意义。

Various forms of disaster narratives are found in Chinese and Japanese mythologies,both of which are similar yet unique in their plots:there has been a shared perception of disasters as divine retribution for human treachery and wickedness,and such perception of disasters evolves into the idea of re-establishing divine-human interaction and restoring social order through sacrificial rituals;the difference,however,is in that the Chinese perception of disaster,as is shown in the story of Yu,who tamed the flood,celebrates human efforts to“conquer the disaster”while the Japanese faith of Susanoo no Mikoto,the god in charge of disaster,is shaped by the passive acceptance of destiny.Such difference in the perceptions of disaster reflects difference in the national mentality and disaster culture of both countries.Given the commonality and uniqueness in the Chinese and Japanese perception of disasters,a future-oriented bilateral cooperation on disaster prevention is conducive to building a sustainable community of a shared future.