马克思恩格斯的文化观及当代诠释——从《德意志意识形态》“费尔巴哈”章到《共产党宣言》

Marx and Engels’Cultural View and Its Contemporary Interpretation——From the Chapter of“Feuerbach”in The German Ideology to The Communist Manifesto

《德意志意识形态》“费尔巴哈”章与《共产党宣言》中蕴涵着丰富的文化思想,在逻辑进路上,《德意志意识形态》“费尔巴哈”章的“文化扭转”又为《共产党宣言》中的“文化批判”奠定了哲学基调。深化对文本中文化资源的挖掘,一方面可以还原到170多年前的历史情境去探求其理论品格和精神实质,另一方面可以借用伽达默尔诠释学中的“时间间距”和“文化间距”对当代中国文化建设进行诠释。其诠释路径包括:坚持实践本体的新唯物主义文化观,摒弃文化自卑与文化自负;坚持以马克思、恩格斯对资产阶级的文化批判为“批判的武器”,坚决抵制当今资本主义的“文化霸权”和“文明冲突”;坚定文化自信、提升文化自觉,推动新时代文化理论创新,丰富和完善马克思主义文化理论体系。

Both of the chapter of“Feuerbach”in The German Ideology and The Communist Manifesto contain rich cultural ideas.In terms of logic,the“cultural turn”in the chapter of“Feuerbach”in The German Ideology laid a philosophical keynote for the“cultural criticism”in The Communist Manifesto.Deepening the exploration of cultural resources in the text,on one hand,can help to restore the historical situation back to more than 170 years ago to explore its theoretical character and spiritual essence;on the other hand,can help to interpret contemporary Chinese cultural construction with the“time gap”and“cultural gap”in Gadamer’s Hermeneutics.The paths of interpretation go as follows:to adhere to the new materialist cultural view of practical ontology and to abandon cultural inferiority and cultural conceit;to persist in taking Marx and Engels’cultural criticism to the bourgeoisie as the“critical weapon”,and to resist resolutely the“cultural hegemony”and“civilization conflict”of capitalism today;to strengthen cultural self-confidence,enhance cultural consciousness,promote the innovation of cultural theory in the new era,and improve the theoretical system of Marxist culture.