从古诗时代到拟古时代——《文选·杂拟》中的文学史观

From the Era of Ancient Poetry to the Era of Ancient Imitation:The Literary Concept in Miscellaneous Imitation of Wen Xuan

《文选》诗卷中的“杂拟”一类,一向被看作是以题材为分类系统中的附属或溢出部分。通过对“杂拟”与“杂诗”及“拟乐府”这两个相近门类的比较,能够厘清“杂拟”概念的界定及其用意。“拟乐府”之作仍归入“乐府”门类,而模拟汉魏杂诗的作品却自称“杂拟”一类。这种处理方式实际上标志着一个文学观念的结点,即始自南朝的诗学上的总结与典范意识确立。从技法来看,“杂拟”类的写作试图恢复汉魏古意并抵御齐梁以来风格的浸淫,体现出许多复古的词汇句法特征。直到唐代,这类诗歌仍参与确立区分与评价五言古诗风格类型的基本标准,由此我们能够重新审视前人关于唐代五言古诗的一些判断。

The“Miscellaneous Imitation”category in Wen Xuan has always been regarded as a subsidiary or overflow part of the classification system.This paper intended to clarify the definition and intention of the concept of“Miscellaneous Imitation”by comparing it with the similar categories of miscellaneous poems and Yue Fu.The establishment of“Miscellaneous Imitation”actually presents for the literary concept of summary and the establishment of the model consciousness in the Southern Dynasties.In terms of technique,the writing of“Miscellaneous imitation”tries to restore the classic writing style of Han and Wei Dynasty and resist the style of immersion in Qi and Liang.Until the Tang Dynasty,this kind of poetry still had an important influence on the origin and genre of the ancient Chinese poetry.