干细胞及多种细胞来源外泌体治疗慢性呼吸系统疾病的意义与可能性

Significance and possibility of stem cells and multiple cell derived exosomes in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases

背景:近年来随着外泌体的深入研究,其表面所携带蛋白质RNA、DNA、miRNA等多种分子物质,与慢性呼吸系统疾病的发生、发展、预后等过程密切相关。目的:基于外泌体的结构与功能特点探讨其与慢性阻塞性肺疾病、哮喘、间质性肺疾病及肺癌的关系,并系统剖析不同细胞来源外泌体对慢性呼吸系统疾病的影响。方法:对CNKI、万方、维普、CBM等国内知名数据库与PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase等国外数据库近10年相关文献进行综述。中文检索词为"外泌体,呼吸系统疾病",英文检索词为"exosomes,respiratory diseases",检索时间均为建库至2020年5月,纳入有关外泌体治疗呼吸系统疾病的相关文献。结果与结论:外泌体携带蛋白质、RNA等多种活性物质,广泛参与细胞组织间的信息交流,且凭借直径小、难以被吞噬等特点从而维持活性物质的生理功能,并发挥如细胞间信息传递、免疫调节、炎症反应及信号转导等诸多功能,成为调控呼吸系统疾病发展的潜在靶点。外泌体通过其信息传递的途径,改善受体细胞功能,保护损伤组织,并广泛参与细胞的炎症反应和免疫应答过程,有望为慢性呼吸系统疾病的诊断与防治提供新的治疗手段。

BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the in-depth study of exosomes,the protein RNA,DNA,miRNA and other molecular substances carried on the surface are closely related to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases.OBJECTIVE:Based on the structural and functional characteristics of exosomes,to explore the relationship between exosomes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,asthma,interstitial lung disease and lung cancer,and to systematically analyze the effects of exosomes from different cell sources on chronic respiratory diseases.METHODS:A review of the relevant literature of domestic well-known databases such as CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM and foreign databases such as PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Embase in the past 10 years was reviewed.“Exosomes”and“respiratory diseases”were search terms in English and Chinese,and the search time was from the establishment of the database to May 2020.Relevant articles related to the treatment of respiratory diseases with exosomes were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Exosomes carry a variety of active substances such as protein and RNA,and are widely involved in the information exchange between cells and tissues.Exosomes maintain the physiological functions of the active substances by virtue of their small diameter and difficulty in being swallowed,and exert many functions such as intercellular information transmission,immune regulation,inflammatory response and signal transduction,and have become potential targets for regulating the development of respiratory diseases.Exosomes improve the function of receptor cells,protect damaged tissues,and participate extensively in cellular inflammatory and immune response processes through their information transmission channels.They are expected to provide new treatment methods for the diagnosis and prevention of chronic respiratory diseases.