从“看视”概念域的历史演变看古今概念化和词化方式的变化

Exploring the Changes of Patterns of Ancient and Modern Conceptualization and Lexicalization on the Basis of the Historical Evolution of“Kan”Concept Domain

汉语“看视”概念域从古至今发生了较为显著的变化:上古时期,其词汇系统中单音词众多,主要采用综合型的词化方式。中古时期,受汉语双音化趋势的影响,各子域主导词逐渐演变为“X+V视”式偏正复音词。在近现代汉语口语中,各种不同方式、方向、情态等的看视动作多采用“修饰性词组+看”的句法格式来表达,由此导致该概念域常用成员的数量剧减。在对“看视”概念域历史演变进行考察的基础上,借助认知语言学的概念化和词化理论,总结了该概念域概念化和词化方式的古今差异。

There have been remarkable changes in“kan”conceptual domain from ancient to modern times.In ancient times,there were many monosyllabic words in the lexical system,which mainly adopted a comprehensive lexicalization pattern.In the Middle Ages,influenced by Chinese disyllabic trend,the dominant words of each sub-domain gradually evolved into the modifying disyllabic words of“X+Vshi”.In modern spoken Chinese,people can use the syntactic form of“modifying phrase+‘kan'”to express various types of“kan”actions of different ways,directions and modalities.On the basis of the research into the historical evolution of“kan”conceptual domain,the ancient and modern differences of its conceptualization and lexicalization patterns are summarized with the help of relevant theories of cognitive linguistics.