2018—2019年温州市哨点监测医院儿童跌倒/坠落伤的流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of falling injury among children from hospital-based surveillance in Wenzhou from 2018 to 2019

目的了解温州市伤害监测医院≤18岁儿童跌倒/坠落病例的分布特征,为制订儿童跌倒/坠落控制措施提供依据。方法通过浙江省慢性病监测信息管理系统,收集温州市伤害监测哨点医院2018—2019年儿童跌倒/坠落病例进行分析。结果2018—2019年共监测儿童跌倒/坠落病例1073例,占该人群总伤害病例的31.71%。男女比为1.87∶1,各年龄段均以男性居多,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=9.790,P<0.05)。儿童跌倒/坠落高发年龄依次是6~12岁、0~5岁和13~15岁。儿童跌倒/坠落主要发生在3—5月份和9—11月份。跌倒/坠落发生的地点主要是家中和学校,占85.65%。跌倒/坠落发生时的活动构成前2位是空闲(41.57%)和学校活动(36.44%)。受伤部位主要是下肢(36.07%)、头部(35.69%)和上肢(24.79%),其中5岁及以下儿童最常见的受伤部位是头部(65.59%)。跌倒/坠落伤的严重程度以轻度损伤为主(59.55%),96.64%的跌倒/坠落伤经医生处理后回家。结论跌倒/坠落是温州市监测地区儿童因伤就诊的第2位原因,应根据不同性别和年龄儿童的分布特征,开展与之相适应的干预活动。

Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of fall in people of 18 years old and below in Wenzhou,and to provide evidence for the development of prevention and control measures of fall in young population.Methods Data of fall in people of 18 years old and below from six sentinel hospitals in Wenzhou during 2018-2019 were collected through Zhejiang chronic disease surveillance and management system for the descriptive epidemiologic analysis.Results Totally 1073 cases of fall were reported in people aged 18 years old and below during 2018-2019,accounting for 31.71%of total injury cases.The male/female ratio of fall cases was 1.87.Distribution of injuries varied in different sex and age groups,exhibited a statistically significant difference(χ^2=9.790,P<0.05).The age at which children fall frequently was 6-12,0-5 and 13-15 years old.Falls mainly occurred in March to May and September to November.Most fall injuries took place in schools and at home,accounting for 85.65%.The top two activities when falls could occur were recreation activities(41.57%)and sports activities(36.44%).The common injury sites were lower limbs(36.07%),head(35.69%)and upper limbs(24.79%).Children aged 5 years old and below were more likely to experience head injuries.The fall injuries were mainly mild(59.55%).Accordingly,the cases of fall mainly returned home after treatment(96.64%).Conclusion Falling has become the second cause of children injury in Wenzhou.We should carry out appropriate interventions based on the distribution of children of different gender and age.