从多元决定论到偶然相遇唯物主义——阿尔都塞中晚期思想比较研究

From Surdetermination to Materialism of the Encounter of the Aleatory:A Comparative Study of Althusser’s Thoughts in the Middle and Late Period

“结构”是阿尔都塞对马克思主义进行理论阐释的重要维度,阿尔都塞敏锐地注意到马克思主义理论的科学性,并尝试用“结构”的视角来审视马克思历史观。在阿尔都塞中晚期思想的变迁中,始终存在两种不同的指向路径。一是作为隐性表征的理论指向,它以多元决定论为理论依据,揭示了历史中不同因素的结构的有机组成,也奠定了结构主义马克思主义的思想根基。二是作为显性表征的实践指向,它以偶然相遇为理论旨趣,在社会历史大厦之中增添偶然性的要素,提倡各个阶级为激进民主政治而奔走。在这种变迁中,值得注意的是结构始终是阿尔都塞一以贯之的逻辑主线。历史与结构的联姻,正是阿尔都塞对马克思主义理论发展做出的重要贡献。

“Structure”is an important dimension of Althusser’s theoretical interpretation of Marxism.Althusser keenly noticed the scientific nature of Marxist theory and tried to examine Marxism from the perspective of“structure”.In the change of Althusser’s thought in the middle and late period,there are always two different directions.One is the theoretical direction of recessive representation,which is based on the theory of Surdetermination,which reveals the organic structure of different factors in history and lays the ideological foundation of structural Marxism.The second is the practical direction as a dominant representation,which takes accidental encounter as its theoretical purport,adds contingency elements to the building of social history,and advocates all classes to run for radical democratic politics.In this change,it is worth noting that the structure has always been Althusser’s consistent logical main line.The marriage of history and structure is precisely Althusser’s important contribution to the development of Marxist theory.