生活方式研究的结构与能动视角——兼论生活方式研究的新进展

The Structure and Agency Perspective of Lifestyle Research—Also on the New Development of Lifestyle Research

生活方式成为新时代背景下影响人们生活质量与美好生活愈发重要的非经济因素,学术意义上的生活方式作为研究范畴的重要性愈发凸显。从“结构—能动”的视角梳理生活方式经典理论的发展脉络以及近几十年的新进展,结果表明生活方式的经典理论对结构与能动各有侧重。当前的生活方式研究在这一视角下分别形成了两种研究面向:一是结构面向,通过经验研究与跨国比较重新审视社会经济地位等外部客观结构因素与生活方式的关系;二是能动面向,广义的生活方式类型被视为亚文化现象,强调生活方式的主体性以及对个体自我身份认同的作用。超越二元区分来整合结构与能动面向成为生活方式研究的一个重要趋势。

Lifestyle has become an increasingly important non-economic factor that affects people’s quality of life and a better life in the context of the new era. Lifestyle in the academic sense is becoming more and more important as a research category. From the perspective of "structure-agency", we analyze the development of the classic theories of lifestyle and the new developments in recent decades. The results show that the classic theories of lifestyle have their own emphasis on structure and agency. Current lifestyle research is based on this perspective and two research orientations have been formed: one is the structure orientation, which re-examines the relationship between social and economic status and other external objective structural factors and lifestyles through empirical research and cross-country comparisons;the other is the agency orientation, where broad lifestyle types are regarded as subculture phenomenon, emphasizing the subjectivity of lifestyle and the effect on individual self-identity. It has become an important trend in lifestyle research to go beyond duality to integrate structure and agency aspects.