莎士比亚人物性格描写中的马克思主义辩证法原则

The Marxist Dialectical Principles in the Shaping of Shakespearean Characters

新古典主义时代广为赞扬的镜子理论所催生出来的普遍人性既是那个时代的要求,也是莎士比亚戏剧艺术人物塑造的一大特色。他笔下的人物往往充满矛盾,体现出一种两面性。这样的人物成为莎士比亚戏剧的一道风景和一大特色。其中的代表性人物有哈姆雷特、奥瑟罗、麦克白、夏洛克、亨利王子。从马克思主义理论中的辩证法原理出发,可以发现这些人物的两面性或多面性。从弗洛伊德的意识分区来看,每个人的身上都含有天使代表的超我原则的善,魔鬼代表的快乐原则的恶,以及二者之间此消彼长的波动。这样可以显示矛盾的特殊性与普遍性,以及二者之间体现出来的生动的辩证法,表明莎士比亚的艺术符合马克思主义关于辩证法的运行原理。

The theory of universality of human nature inspired by the widely eulogized in the Neo-Classical Age was not only the requirements of the times,but also the big gust of special traits of the shaping of the Shakespearean characters.His characters are frequently filled with conflicts and are represented in its duality,which piles up a wonderful view sight of his dramatic art among which are such as Hamlet,Othello,Macbeth,Shylock,Prince Hal and Sir John Falstaff.The paper purports to probe into the dual or multitudinous aspects of character via the dialectical principles of Marxist theories.Besides,by view of the Freudian Psychic-Zone Division theory,it is obvious that everybody in himself has included the good of the Superego guarded by the angelic morality principle,the bad of the Id by the pleasure principle and the waving vicissitudes in between.Thus the Freudian parallelistic semblances of the vivid dialecticality demonstrated by the specificality and universality which suggests conflicts between them that the Shakespearean art suits the working Marxist dialectical theories.