基于劳动生产率视角的制造业技术创新与就业关系研究

Research on the Relationship Between Technological Innovation and Employment in Manufacturing Industry from the Perspective of Labor Productivity

技术创新与就业在企业发展过程中的关系一直存在争议,衍生出两组假说:“技术创新破坏就业假说”与“技术创新创造就业假说”。本文立足于制造业,从“劳动生产率”视角,建立了技术创新、就业与制造业企业发展的回归模型。回归分析结果表明:技术创新与就业在制造业企业发展中是一对共生体,支持“技术创新创造就业假说”。具体表现为:技术创新水平与就业质量始终与制造业企业发展显著相关;劳动生产率越高,制造业就业结构越倾向于高级化;技术创新与就业的交互作用在选择走高质量发展路径且劳动生产率高的制造业企业中最显著。

The relationship between technological innovation and employment in the process of enterprise development has al⁃ways been controversial,and two hypotheses are derived:“technical innovation destroys employment”and“technological innova⁃tion creates employment”.Based on the manufacturing industry,this paper establishes a regression model of technological innova⁃tion,employment and the development of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of labor productivity.The regression analy⁃sis results show that technological innovation and employment are a pair of symbiosis in the development of manufacturing enterpri⁃ses,supporting the“hypothesis of technological innovation creating employment”.Specifically,the level of technological innova⁃tion and employment quality is always significantly related to the development of manufacturing enterprises;the higher the labor pro⁃ductivity,the more advanced the employment structure of the manufacturing industry is;the interaction between technological inno⁃vation and employment is the most significant in manufacturing enterprises with high quality development path and high labor produc⁃tivity.