近代日本作家凝视的“中国”风景——上海老城厢湖心亭的文学镜像

The Literary Mirror Image of Huxinting Teahouse in Shanghai Old Town

上海老城厢的核心地标湖心亭和九曲桥,自晚清时期就已成为一处驰名世界的中国景观,是“他者之眼”中一个象征中国的视觉符号。文章选取甲午战争至二战末期近半个世纪间的多位日本作家的游记、随笔和小说作为分析对象,考察他们如何观看和书写湖心亭并赋予其象征性;同时,论述来自外部的凝视如何反向影响中国作家,以及在这些关于湖心亭的话语中如何体现观看者面对景观的自我建构。湖心亭作为一个景观的文化史,其实正是以其为媒介的自我与他者互识与互视的历史。

The Huxinting Teahouse(Pavilion in the middle of a Lake)and Jiuqu Bridge(Nine-turn bridge or Zig⁃zag bridge),the core landmarks of Shanghai Old Town,have become a world-famous Chinese landscape and a visual symbol of China in the“eyes of the other”since the late Qing Dynasty.The paper selects the travel notes,essays and novels written by several Japanese writers from the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 to the end of World War II as the analysis objects,and examines how they viewed and wrote the Huxinting Teahouse and endowed it with symbolic meaning.At the same time,the paper analyses how the observation from the outside of the country had reversely influ⁃enced Chinese writers,and how Huxinting Teahouse as a medium embodies the viewers’self-construction in the face of the landscape.As the cultural history of a landscape and a medium,Huxinting Teahouse is a history of mutual un⁃derstanding and mutual viewing between the self and the other.