油田采出液输送中降黏减阻剂研究进展

Progress of Viscosity-Reducing and Drag-Reducing Agents in the Transportation of the Oil Produced Fluid

油田采出液由于自身组成中含有沥青质和胶质等易团聚或沉积的物质,以及开采中有气体和扰动等造成乳化现象,导致体系黏度大而不易在管道中输送。首先从沥青质和胶质等的结构和相互作用力等方面分析了造成采出液黏度大的原因,然后介绍了目前采用的降黏减阻剂的减阻机理及降黏减阻剂中表面活性剂的种类和研究进展。提出了降黏减阻用表面活性剂的设计和选用思路,并简述了具有耐盐耐高温等功能的降黏减阻剂的研究现状。最后对降黏减阻剂未来发展的方向进行了展望,包括基于分子设计和计算模拟,构建表面活性剂分子结构模块和性能数据库;利用纳米技术和天然物质等发展环保型降黏减阻剂等。

As usual,there are massive asphaltene,petroleum resin and other easily agglomerated or deposited substances in the oil produced fluid as well as emulsification caused by gas and turbulence during mining. The mined oil produced fluids result in high viscosity and they are difficult to be transported in the pipelines. In this paper,the reasons for the high viscosity of the produced fluid were analyzed based on the structure and interaction forces of asphaltene and petroleum resin. In addition,the mechanism of drag reduction and the research progress of surfactants in drag reduction agents were introduced. The design thinking of the surfactant for reducing viscosity was proposed,and the researches on the functional viscosity reducing agents with salt-and thermal-resistance were also reviewed. Finally,the future development directions of the viscosity-reducing and drag-reducing agents were prospected,including the construction of a database of surfactant structure modules and their corresponding performance based on molecular design and calculation simulation,and the development of environment friendly viscosity-reducing and drag-reducing agents using nanotechnology and natural substances etc.