2017—2019年广西农村集中式供水水质总硬度分析

Analysis on total hardness of rural centralized water supply in Guangxi from 2017 to 2019

目的了解和掌握广西农村集中式供水水质总硬度状况,为下一步研究饮用水硬度与健康关系打下基础。方法从"全国饮用水水质监测信息系统"导出广西2017—2019年农村饮用水水质监测数据。供水信息通过查阅资料和现场调查等方式收集;水样采集、保存、运输和检测按《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750—2006)进行,水质检测结果按《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)进行评价。结果 2017—2019年广西农村集中式供水末梢水总硬度范围在0.5~681.0 mg/L,总合格率为99.96%。其中丰水期(95.0 mg/L)和枯水期(102.0 mg/L)的硬度中位数差异有统计学意义(U=-2.90,P<0.01)。总硬度中位数最高的是崇左市(188.0 mg/L),最低的是防城港市(10.4 mg/L),各市水质总硬度差异有统计学意义(H=2 869.17,P<0.001)。不同区域比较,总硬度中位数最高的是桂南(180.0 mg/L),最低的是沿海地区(20.2mg/L),不同区域水质硬度差异有统计学意义(H=2 650.83,P<0.001)。不同水源类型、同类型水源不同城市水质硬度比较均存在显著差异(P<0.001);地下水源末梢水硬度最高(171.0 mg/L),其次是江河水源(46.0 mg/L),最低是水库水源(44.0 mg/L)。末梢水pH值与总硬度呈正相关(r=0.357,P<0.05),溶解性总固体与总硬度呈正相关(r=0.925,P<0.05)。结论广西不同区域、不同水源类型的农村集中式供水水质总硬度不同,应据此情况开展相关人群健康影响研究,并根据各地饮水特征指导人群合理膳食和健康饮水。

Objective To understand the status of the total hardness of centralized water supply in Guangxi rural areas,and lay a foundation for the next step in research of relationship between drinking water hardness and health.Methods The monitoring data of the rural drinking water quality from 2017 to 2019 were derived from the National Drinking Water Monitoring Information System.The information on the water supplies was obtained by data collection and on-site survey.Drinking water samples were collected,preserved,transported,and tested according to the "Drinking Water Standard Inspection Methods"(GB/T 5750-2006),and results of water quality test were in accordance with "Drinking Water Hygiene Standards"(GB 5749-2006) for the evaluation.Results From 2017 to 2019,the total hardness of the tap water of the centralized rural water supply in Guangxi ranged from 0.5 to 681.0 mg/l,with a qualified rate of 99.96%.Among them,the median difference of hardness between the raining seasons(95.0 mg/l)and the dry seasons(102.0 mg/l) was statistically significant(U=-2.90,P<0.01).The highest median of the total hardness was in Chongzuo city(188.0 m g/l),and the lowest was in Fangchenggang city(10.4 mg/l).The difference in total hardness of water between each city was statistically significant(H=2 869.17,P<0.001).Compared between different regions,the highest median of the total hardness of water was in south Guangxi(180.0 mg/l),and the lowest was in the coastal area of the province(20.2 mg/l).The difference in water hardness in different regions was statistically significant(H=2 650.83,P<0.001).There were significant differences in the water hardness between different types of water source and the same types of water sources in different cities(P<0.001).The tap water sourcing from groundwater had the highest hardness(171.0 mg/l),followed by from river water(46.0 mg/l),and the lowest was from reservoir water(44.0 mg/l).The pH of the tap water was positively correlated with the total hardness(r=0.357,P<0.05),and the total dissolved solids were also positively correlated with the total hardness(r=0.925,P<0.05).Conclusions The total hardness of tap water in rural centralized water supply in Guangxi is different in regions and types of water sources.Research on the health impact of relevant populations should be carried out based on this situation,and the population should be guided to a reasonable diet and healthy drinking water according to the characteristics of drinking water in different places.