基于应激理论的预先干预对援鄂护理人员心身健康的影响

Influence of Pre-intervention Based on Stress Theory on Mental and Physical Health of Nursing Staff in Hubei

目的研究预先干预措施对新冠肺炎疫情防控期间扬州援鄂护理人员心理应激反应及心身健康的影响。方法选择2020年2~3月第七批江苏援武汉医疗队护理人员120名作为研究对象,给予其政策扶持、强化培训、心理疏导等预先干预措施来提高护理人员的应激能力,干预前后分别采用半结构式访谈及填写简易应对方式问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对护理人员进行心身健康状况评估。结果干预后,116名护理人员SCL-90各因子分均低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中以躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、恐怖、精神病因子尤为突出;同时,干预后,护理人员SCL-90各因子分与中国常模比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执较为突出。结论新冠肺炎疫情防控期间护理人员存在一定的心理和生理压力,通过认知评价、应对方式、社会支持系统等预先干预,可以有效提高其应激应对能力,维持身心健康。

Objective To study the impact of pre-intervention measures on the psychological stress response and mental and physical health of nurses assisting Hubei in Yangzhou during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods From February to March 2020,120 nurses from the seventh batch of Jiangsu-aid Wuhan medical team were selected as the research subjects,and pre-intervention measures such as policy support,intensive training,and psychological counseling were given to improve the stress ability of nurses.Semi-structured interviews and filling out simple coping style questionnaires and symptom self-rating scale(SCL-90)were used to assess the mental and physical health of nursing staff.Results After the intervention,the scores of the SCL-90 factors of 116 nursing staff were lower than before the intervention,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Among them,the factors of somatization,compulsion,interpersonal sensitivity,terror,and psychosis were particularly prominent;After the intervention,the nursing staff's interpersonal relationship sensitivity,hostility,and paranoia factor scores were compared with Chinese adult norms,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion During the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic,nurses have certain psychological and physical stress.Pre-interventions such as cognitive evaluation,coping styles,and social support systems can effectively improve their stress coping capabilities and maintain physical and mental health.