土地流转与农户内部收入差距:加剧还是缓解?

The Impact of Land Transfer on Rural Household Income Gap:Exacerbation or Alleviation?

本文基于全国农村固定观察点调查数据,采用再中心化影响函数回归方法,实证检验土地流转对农户内部收入差距的影响。结果显示,土地流转显著扩大了农村居民内部收入差距,这一结论在一系列稳健性检验及控制样本选择偏差条件下均成立。影响机制分析表明,收入水平高的农户拥有更高的土地流转率,并能通过参与土地流转获取更高的收入增长,是土地流转导致农户内部收入差距扩大的两个直接原因。进一步地,利用基于回归的夏普利值分解方法发现,土地流转能够解释整体收入差距的8.75%,贡献程度在各种收入决定因素中仅次于村庄哑变量和教育;地区经济越发达,土地流转对农户内部收入差距的贡献越大。因此,在考虑如何通过土地流转增加农户收入时,有必要将问题的焦点从效率延伸到公平,注重对土地流转中处于相对不利地位的低收入农户权益的保护。

Based on the data collected from rural fixed observation sites in 2015,this paper uses the recentered influence function regression method to analyze the impact of the rural household income gap due to land transfer.The result shows that land transfer remarkably increase the income gap of rural households.This conclusion is still tenable after carrying out a series of robustness tests such as changing the income gap measure index,distinguishing land transfer in and out,replacing the explained variable and controlling the self-selection issue.The mechanism analysis shows that rural households with higher income are more likely to obtain more land from the land transfer market and earn higher income growth,which is the direct factor that the land transfer could lead to an enlarged income gap between rural households.Furthermore,through the regression-based Shapley value decomposition,it is found that land transfer could explain 8.75%of total income inequality,only next to the fixed effect of the village and the average years of schooling for family members.Moreover,the regions with higher average revenues have greater contribution.Therefore,when considering how to increase rural household income through land transfer,it is necessary to shift the focus from efficiency to equity,pay attention to the protection of low-income households’rights and interests who are relatively disadvantaged in land transfer.