硅肥对改善烟叶化学品质及降低烟叶重金属的效果研究

Effects of Silicon Fertilizer on Improving Chemical Quality of Tobacco Leaves and Reducing Heavy Metal Contents

为探索硅肥对降低烟叶重金属含量及提升烟叶化学品质的效果.采用单因素随机区组设计,以清水为对照,叶面喷施5种硅肥开展小区肥效比较试验.结果表明:1)硅酸钠对重金属的综合控制效果最好,能有效降低烟叶中铜、镉、铬、铅和砷等重金属的含量,"冲动"海藻液硅和纳米硅对烟叶铜、铅和镉的控制效果较好,"绿维康"有机硅仅对铜的控制效果明显;2)纳米硅、"冲动"海藻液硅对提高烟叶钾质量分数和降低烟碱、总氮的效果最好,硅酸钠效果次之,"绿维康"有机硅和葡萄糖螯合硅效果较差;3)"绿维康"有机硅、纳米硅、"冲动"海藻液硅和硅酸钠对提升烟叶硅含量的效果较好,提升幅度在22.2%~33.3%之间.综上,不同硅肥效果差异较大,控制烟叶重金属可选择硅酸钠,改善烟叶化学品质可选择纳米硅和"冲动"海藻液硅.

To understand the effects of spraying silicon fertilizer for reducing heavy metal contents and improving chemical quality of tobacco leaves, a single factor randomized block design was used in the tobacco field, with the treatment of clear water as the control, and five kinds of silicon fertilizer were sprayed on the leaves to carry out the plot fertilizer effect comparison test. The results showed that:1)The comprehensive control effect of sodium silicate fertilizer on heavy metals is the best, which can effectively reduce the content of heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, chromium, lead and arsenic in tobacco leaves."Impulse"seaweed liquid silicon fertilizer and nano silicon fertilizer have better control effect on copper, lead, and cadmium in tobacco leaves, "Lvweikang" organosilicon fertilizer only has obvious control effect on copper;2)Nano silicon fertilizer and"impulse"seaweed liquid silicon fertilizer have the best effect on increasing potassium content and reducing nicotine and total nitrogen content in tobacco leaves, followed by sodium silicate fertilizer, and"lvweikang"organosilicon fertilizer and glucose chelate silicon fertilizer have the poorest effect;3)"Lvweikang"organosilicon, nano silicon,"impulse"seaweed liquid silicon and sodium silicate have better effect on improving the silicon content of tobacco leaves, within the range of 22.2%~33.3%. To sum up, the effect of foliar spraying of different silicon fertilizer is quite different. "sodium silicate"fertilizer foliar spraying can be selected to control heavy metals, "nano silicon fertilizer"and"impulsive"seaweed liquid silicon fertilizer can be selected to improve the chemical quality of tobacco leaves.