刑法立法公众参与:一个基本范畴的辨析

Public participation in criminal law legislation:An analysis of a basic category

刑法立法公众参与是刑法立法现代化的重要内容。刑法立法公众参与之“刑法立法”直接指向刑法的立改废释。“公众”,不宜过度泛化,宜为刑法调整某领域关系时所涉及的“利益相关方”,当拟立刑法条款调整的关系涉及到全社会公共利益时,“利益相关方”便是“全体社会公众”。“参与”,不是公众情绪化意见的呐喊,而是公众和最高立法机关不断对话、妥协和深思熟虑之后的智慧结晶,公众参与不是最高立法机关惟公众意见言听计从,也不是最高立法机关意志主导一切,而是在法治价值指引下的各方意见的博弈、协商和重叠共识。

Public participation in criminal law legislation is an important part of the modernization of criminal law legislation.The“criminal law legislation”of public participation in criminal law legislation includes not only the formulation and approval of criminal law,but also the amendment,interpretation and repeal of criminal law.It should not be too generalized while it should be the“interested parties”involved in the adjustment of interest relations in a certain field of criminal law.When the interest relations adjusted by the provisions of criminal law are related to the public interests of the whole society,meaning the“interested parties”is“the whole public”.“Participation”is not the cry of public emotional opinions,but the wisdom crystallization of the public and the supreme legislature after debate,compromise and deliberation.Public participation is not only the obedience of public opinions,nor the will of the supreme legislature to dominate everything,but the game,consultation and overlapping consensus of all opinions under the command of law value.