西安市某城乡结合部三甲医院急性中毒患者流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of acute poisoning in a 3A grade hospital of the urban-rural fringe zone of Xi’an

目的回顾分析西安市某城乡结合部急性中毒流行病学特点,为临床救治和社会预防干预提供理论依据。方法选择2016-01-01至2019-12-31空军军医大学第二附属医院急诊科收治的1857例急性中毒患者临床资料,内容包括年龄、性别、中毒时间、中毒途径、中毒原因、毒物种类、季节分布、处置措施、救治时长及预后等,进行回顾性流行病学分析。结果患者平均年龄(42.84±17.14)岁,男953例,女904例,男女比为1.05:1.00,20~39岁年龄段中毒人数最多。最常见的毒物是农药,以有机磷农药和百草枯为主。治疗性药物和酒精中毒的性别分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。中毒患者中自杀性接触为主要原因,占比59.7%。消化道摄入是最常见中毒途径,占比81.5%。夏季明显高于其他季节,其他季节未见明显差异。救治时长中位数为18.8(4.48,54.47)h。治疗后死亡83例,以有机磷农药和百草枯中毒为主。结论农药和酒精为本区域主要的中毒类型,男性患者多于女性。女性自杀接触中毒问题需引起社会关注。城市与农村在中毒种类分布上存在差异。农药、动植物毒素和一氧化碳中毒具有季节分布特点。城乡结合部急性中毒流行病学特征分析对本区域中毒防治具有现实参考意义。

Objective To provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment,social prevention and intervention by retrospective analysis of epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning in the urbanrural fringe zone of Xi’an.Methods The clinical data of 1857 patients with acute poisoning admitted to the emergency department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 1,2016 to December 31,2019 were collected,including age,gender,poisoning time,poisoning route,poisoning reason,poison type,seasonal distribution,treatment time,prognosis,etc.,and retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted.Results The average age of patients was(42.84±17.14)years old,953 cases were male and 904 cases were female.The ratio of male to female was 1.05:1.00.The most common toxicants were pesticides,mainly organophosphorus pesticides and paraquat;there were significant differences in gender distribution of therapeutic drugs and alcoholism(P<0.001).Suicide contact was the main cause of poisoning,accounting for 59.7%.Digestive tract intake was the most common route of poisoning,accounting for 81.5%.There were significantly higher incidences in summer than other seasons,and there was no significant difference in other seasons.The median treatment time was 18.8(4.48,54.47)h.83 cases mainly died from organophosphorus pesticide and paraquat poisoning after treatment.Conclusion Pesticide and alcohol are the main poisoning types in this study,male patients are more than female.Poisoning problem of female suicide should be paid attention to by the society,there are differences in the distribution of poisoning types between urban and rural areas,pesticide,animal and plant toxins and carbon monoxide poisoning have seasonal distribution characteristics.The analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning in the urban-rural fringe zone has practical reference significance for the prevention and control of poisoning in this region.