铁路货车锻造钩舌两火模锻成形工艺研究

The technical study of twice die forging forming for forged knuckles of railway wagons

锻造钩舌是铁路货车车钩的关键牵引部件,该产品截面变化大,形状复杂,产品尺寸要求高,存在不容易锻造的薄筋。为克服之前采用的自由锻制坯-模锻工艺加热火次多、生产成本高等缺点,本文结合6300t热模锻压力机生产线的特点,采用数值模拟技术开发出了钩舌在6300t热模锻压力机上两火锻造成形工艺。通过模拟研究结果显示,钩舌两火锻造成形,预锻、终锻温度都在材料允许锻造温度范围内,锻比满足钩舌成形要求,且各工步模拟载荷都在设备额定载荷范围之内。通过现场试验,锻件充型饱满且质量稳定可靠,较之前采用的锻造工艺减少了一火次锻造,有效的降低了生产成本并提升了锻造生产效率。

The forged knuckle is the critical traction component of railway wagons.The product has great change in cross-section and complex shape and precise size requirements,it exist thin ribs that was not easy to forge.In order to overcome the defects that multiple heating and higher cost produced by the process of open die forging to blank forming-die forging,this text is combined with the characters of the 6300 t hot die forging press product line,applied the numerical simulation technology,we exploited twice heating forging forming process.Through the simulate research show that the knuckle temperature including twice heating forging forming and preforming and finish forging is located in the range of material forging temperature,the forging ratio is satisfied with the requirements of knuckle forming,the simulated load of each step is under the load rating of equipment.Through the field trial,the forging is filled full and has stability and reliability quality,comparing the former forging process,it reduces once heating forging.it cuts down the cost of production and elevates the forging product effectively.