植物响应高温胁迫的信号转导和转录调控机制研究进展

Advances in Research of Signal Transduction and Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanism of Plants in Response to Heat Stress

随着温室效应加剧,全球气候变暖,高温灾害性气候已成为世界上许多农业地区面临的严峻挑战,严重抑制农作物生长发育并导致其产量锐减、品质下降。因此培育耐热品种已成为当前作物育种的重要目标,而作物耐热基因的发掘将为耐热新品种的培育奠定基础。植物为了生存形成了复杂而高效的信号转导途径与转录调控网络以抵御和适应高温胁迫,其中热激转录因子(HSFs)作为转录调控网络中的重要调控因子,能与下游基因启动子区域的顺式元件特异结合从而有效调控其表达。本研究从植物响应高温胁迫的热信号转导途径、转录调控网络和主要HSFs的翻译后调控方面展开讨论,以期为植物耐热性的遗传改良提供理论依据。

With the intensification of the greenhouse effect,global warming makes high temperature,which is a severe challenge for many agricultural regions in the world,and poses a serious threat to the growth and development of crops,ultimately leading to a drastic reduction in economic yield and quality.Therefore,breeding heat-resistant varieties has become an important target of current crop breeding,and the excavation of heat-resistant genes will expand the basis for the cultivation of new heat-tolerant varieties.Plants have evolved complex and high-efficiency signal transduction pathway and transcriptional regulatory networks to respond and adapt to heat stress.Heat shock transcription factors(HSFs),as master regulators in transcriptional regulatory networks,can regulate a set of genes by binding to cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter regions,and play crucial roles in abiotic stress-responsive transcriptional regulatory network in plants.In this paper,we summarized the transcriptional regulatory networks of plants in response to high temperature stress and the post-translational regulation of major heat shock transcription factors to provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of plant heat tolerance.